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Career developmentJob Specification: Definition, Elements and Examples

By Indeed Editorial Team

Nội dung chính
    What is a job specification?Why is a job specification important?Elements of a job specificationRequired experienceRequired educationRequired certification or credentialsRequired skillsPersonality traitsJob specification examplesRequired experienceRequired educationRequired certification or credentialsRequired SkillsPersonality TraitsWhich of the following is true about a job specification?Which of the following is a job specification?Which of the following is a difference between a job description and job specifications quizlet?What is the relationship between job analysis job descriptions and job specifications quizlet?

Published June 15, 2022

Job specification can help hiring managers decide which qualities and requirements are most important in a candidate. When reading these job specifications, a candidate can decide whether they have the right experience, education and characteristics to apply for a specific job. Learning the details and components of job specifications can help you create effective ones to hire the best talent for your company. In this article, we discuss what a job specification is, why it is important, what elements are in a job specification and give examples of each.

What is a job specification?

A job specification is the list of recommended qualities for a person to qualify for and succeed in a position. While the job description includes the title position, responsibilities and summary, the specification identifies the skills, traits, education and experience a candidate might need to qualify for that job. This helps outline a candidate's capabilities to perform what's listed in the job description.

Related: Job Specification vs. Job Description Explained

Why is a job specification important?

A job specification is important because it can help provide more insight into what skills a candidate will use in a role rather than what tasks they will do. Hiring managers write these to help encourage the most qualified candidates to apply for a job. Often, recruiters or other human resources employees use the job specification to understand what qualifications, education and skills the hiring manager seeks as they help to fill the position. An effective job specification can help a company find and hire the most qualified person.

Elements of a job specification

Although the job specification might vary from position to position, there are a few common elements you can expect to see in many of them, including:

Required experience

This job specification is where an employer might include the required experience in an exact role or relevant experience in similar roles. Entry-level positions, for example, might specify they don't require any experience, but a director job might want seven years of experience in managerial roles.

Required education

A job specification can indicate the level of education required to qualify. Education requirements may include general accomplishments like a high school diploma, associate or bachelor's degree, several years completed towards a degree or one in a specific area of study. You might include this to ensure the employee has the proper context and knowledge to perform their job duties successfully.

Required certification or credentials

In addition to education, some positions require certification or licensure. This might align with responsibilities in the job description because a company might have you get certain credentials before you perform some tasks. For example, a mechanic job description might list working on heavy machinery or trucks as a responsibility, or it could require a candidate to have a certification to provide the services in the job specification. Credential requirements also could vary based on location to account for local laws. For example, substitute teachers could require state-level certification to qualify for a job even if they earned a bachelor's degree and a state certification elsewhere.

Required skills

Hiring managers, employees and human resources professionals may work together to establish the skills they want candidates to have. Skills can be what people might need to complete their job tasks, and they can center on how the candidate may fit on a team or reflect a company's culture. Skills included in a job specification can also vary based on job level. For example, entry-level jobs might have fewer required skills because hiring managers may expect new employees can develop them while working.

Personality traits

While skills can be technical or job-specific relating to how a person does their job, personality traits are qualities that reflect a candidate's character. For example, professionalism is a trait that describes a person who understands workplace etiquette and is helpful and respectful to their coworkers. You might need this trait for a job in a formal office setting. Matching every trait might not be a requirement, but they can explain what characteristics may make it easier to perform well.

Demands

Jobs might specify if there are physical demands. For example, if a warehouse job description says you will carry packages from one location to another, the job specification might want you to be able to lift boxes up to 50 pounds. In this case, the specification identifies how much weight the candidate might need to carry to ensure they can fulfill the requirement. Similarly, an office job might require long hours a computer, and the specification can identify this to ensure the candidate's vision allows them to perform their duties.

Job specification examples

Depending on the job and industry, hiring managers might write different variations of job descriptions. Some could include what the requirement or qualification is, as well as modifiers like time or level of expertise. Here are some examples of job specifications for each element:

Required experience

Here are some examples that show variations in experience specifications:

    Sales associate: Must have a minimum of two years of experience with field selling and one year of inside sales.

    Senior director: The ideal candidate will have 10 or more years of senior management and proven success managing teams in global locations.

    Restaurant server: No experience required, but we will provide training on the job.

Related: How To List Job Responsibilities in Job Listings

Required education

Here are a few examples of education requirements for different jobs:

    Entry-level publishing job: Bachelor's degree in English, writing or related field required.

    Mid-level manager: The ideal candidate must have a bachelor's degree in business administration, management or related degree. Master's degree highly preferred.

    Dental hygienist: Associate degree in science required with additional training hours.

Required certification or credentials

Some jobs that may include certifications in their job specification include:

    Junior accountant: Bachelor's degree in accounting or related field along with the state's public accounting certification.

    Medical technician: Candidate must possess CPR certification and be MT certified in your state.

Related: How To Write a Fantastic Job Description Template

Required Skills

Here are some examples of how to list skills in a job specification:

    Administrative assistant: Must possess strong attention to detail, ability to multitask and learn new email technology. Document and spreadsheet skills a plus.

    Senior manager: The ideal candidate should be able to manage a team of five or more individuals, be highly collaborative and be familiar with customer relationship management technology.

    Store clerk: Customer service skills, ability to operate a cash register.

Related: 12 Top Job Skills for Any Industry: Transferrable Skills You Need

Personality Traits

Here are some examples of how to include desired personality traits:

    Restaurant chef: Ability to remain calm under stress and solve problems independently.

    Market researcher: The ideal candidate should be aware of customer's attitudes when requesting feedback and make decisions with little guidance.

    Customer service associate: Can maintain a high level of professionalism when dealing with upset customers.

Demands

Here are some ways you can phrase the demands of a job in the specification:

    Forklift operator: Must be able to handle heavy machinery and work in inclement conditions.

    Video editor: The ideal candidate may have to view screens for long periods of time. Content on the videos can contain many colors and flashes of lights.

    Sales associate (retail): Must be able to spend many hours standing.

Which of the following is true about a job specification?

Which of the following is true about a job specification? It is the list of knowledge, skills, and abilities that are necessary for an individual to have to perform a specific job.

Which of the following is a job specification?

Also known as employee specifications, a job specification is a written statement of educational qualifications, specific qualities, level of experience, physical, emotional, technical and communication skills required to perform a job, responsibilities involved in a job and other unusual sensory demands.

Which of the following is a difference between a job description and job specifications quizlet?

D. Job descriptions define tasks, and job specifications define responsibilities.

What is the relationship between job analysis job descriptions and job specifications quizlet?

Relationship between the three The relationship between job analysis, job specification and job description is that job analysis is the fundamental basis upon which job description and job specification are formulated. Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết Which of the following statements is true of a job specification as well as a job description

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