Mẹo Hướng dẫn What are the main structural differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions? 2022
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- IntroductionWhat is a Sympathetic Nervous System?What is a Parasympathetic Nervous System?The Autonomic Nervous
SystemWhat is Sympathetic and Parasympathetic?Functions of the Autonomic Nervous SystemHow does the Autonomic Nervous System work?Difference between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic ANS AcetylcholineConclusion
What are the major differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic division?What is the major difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems quizlet?
Introduction
To know the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, let’s first look their definitions.
What is a Sympathetic Nervous System?
It is the division of the autonomic nervous system which prepares the body toàn thân for stressful situations and is located near the lumbar and thoracic regions in the spinal cord. A small amount of sympathetic nervous system activity can regulate vital body toàn thân functions by stimulating the body toàn thân’s fight or flight response. It responds as a physiological reaction by perceiving a threat or attack to survival. A few examples are regulating the rate of respiration, heart rate and pupillary responses.
What is a Parasympathetic Nervous System?
It is one of the divisions of the autonomic nervous system also known as the rest and digest system. It conserves energy when the body toàn thân is relaxed, feeding or resting. Situated between the spinal cord and the medulla, it slows the heart rate, increases gland and intestinal activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Parasympathetic nervous system activities are essential for the overall functioning of the body toàn thân as restoring the body toàn thân’s nervous system is important to further function the optimal level.
The Autonomic Nervous System
Often abbreviated as ANS, the Autonomic Nervous System is the part of our nervous system that supplies nerve endings in the blood vessels, intestines, heart, smooth muscles and glands. It is responsible to govern the involuntary functioning of all these body toàn thân systems without a person’s conscious effort. When ANS doesn't function properly, disorders may arise leading to affected body toàn thân parts or processes, which are often progressive. However, some of the autonomic nervous system disorders can be reversed.
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What is Sympathetic and Parasympathetic?
As defined above, the two main divisions of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) are:
Sympathetic ANS
Parasympathetic ANS
Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
The functions of the autonomic nervous system in the body toàn thân processes can be listed as follows-
Blood pressure
Body temperature
Heart and breathing rates
Digestion
Metabolism and body toàn thân weight
Keeping a balance of water and electrolytes like Na (Sodium) and Ca (Calcium)
Production of body toàn thân fluids such as saliva, tears, and sweat
Defecation
Urination
Sexual response
How does the Autonomic Nervous System work?
When the ANS receives information about the external environment and the body toàn thân, it responds by stimulating varied body toàn thân processes, through the sympathetic nervous system, or can also inhibit the body toàn thân systems through the parasympathetic nervous system. There are two nerve cells in an autonomic nerve pathway, one cell is situated in the brain stem region or spinal cord connected by nerve fibers to the rest of the cells. It is located as a cluster of nerve cells called autonomic ganglia from where the nerve fibers connect with internal organs.
Most of the ganglia for sympathetic division are situated just outside the spinal cord on both sides of it, whereas for parasympathetic ANS, these are located nearby organs where they are connected. Mostly, organs are controlled primarily by one of them, either sympathetic ANS or the parasympathetic ANS. In a few cases, the two nervous systems have opposite effects on the same organ. The sympathetic nervous system function is opposite to that of parasympathetic nervous system function. One of the best examples is increased blood pressure due to sympathetic division and decreased blood pressure due to the parasympathetic division. However, when both work in coordination, it is ensured to have a balanced situation according to different situations.
Difference between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic ANS
Let’s discuss the Differences between the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System in a Tabular Form-
Characteristic
Sympathetic ANS
Parasympathetic ANS
Response
It is involved in the fight or flight response of the body toàn thân.
It is involved in maintaining homeostasis and allows rest and digest response.
Major Function
It prepares the body toàn thân for any potential stress or danger.
It aims to bring the body toàn thân towards calmness and relaxation.
Neuron Pathways
It has shorter neuron pathways resulting in a faster response time.
It has longer neuron pathways and therefore a slower response time.
Heart Rate and Muscles
It increases heart rate and makes the muscles tense up.
It reduces heart rate and relaxes muscle cells.
Pupil
It makes the pupil dilate to let in more light.
Here, it makes the pupil contract.
Saliva Secretion
It inhibits saliva secretion.
It increases saliva secretion and therefore digestion also increases.
Fight and Flight Situation
In this state, adrenaline is released by the adrenal glands and more glycogen can be converted to glucose.
It doesn’t have a fight or flight state.
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that works for both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Acetylcholine activates muscles in the peripheral nervous system and it also acts as an important neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system. Acetylcholine and its neurons form the cholinergic system in the central nervous system.
Acetylcholine is secreted all pre and post ganglionic parasympathetic neurons, some postganglionic sympathetic fibers, all preganglionic sympathetic neurons, and in the pseudo motor neurons to sweat glands.
Acetylcholine produces a wide variety of effects in the central nervous system. It acts as a neuromodulator for arousal, plasticity, and reward. It also helps in the enhancement of sensory perceptions when we wake up.
Conclusion
Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems comprise the autonomic nervous system. In response to a perceived threat, the sympathetic nervous system activates the fight or flight response, while the parasympathetic nervous system restores the body toàn thân to a state of calm.
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What are the major differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic division?
The autonomic nervous system comprises two parts- the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system activates the fight or flight response during a threat or perceived danger, and the parasympathetic nervous system restores the body toàn thân to a state of calm.What is the major difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems quizlet?
The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) controls homeostasis and the body toàn thân rest and is responsible for the body toàn thân's "rest and digest" function. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) controls the body toàn thân's responses to a perceived threat and is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết What are the main structural differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?