Kinh Nghiệm Hướng dẫn The term design includes physical social Management and law enforcement directives true False Chi Tiết
Bùi Thị Vân Thiện đang tìm kiếm từ khóa The term design includes physical social Management and law enforcement directives true False được Cập Nhật vào lúc : 2022-10-21 03:10:09 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Bí kíp về trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết Mới Nhất. Nếu sau khi đọc Post vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại Comment ở cuối bài để Mình lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.The feature common to all these disruptive technologies is Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, more precisely, deep learning, where a system can learn from data.
Nội dung chính- 3.
Banking and retail#4 Mapping of new usersFace recognition in ChinaFacial recognition in AsiaOther large projects#5 When face recognition strengthens the legal systemEU and UK biometric data protectionUS biometric data protection landscapeFacial recognition bans (San Francisco, Somerville, Oakland, San Diego, Boston, Portland)How to better regulate emerging technologies?India
and its national biometric identification scheme, Aadhaar#6 The rebels – facial recognition hackers#7 Further together – towards hybridized solutionsFace recognition
and you.Which is designed to familiarize citizens with law enforcement?What was the basic purpose that guided the National Advisory Commission quizlet?What is one reason that it is hard to evaluate community policing quizlet?Who first introduced the idea of Problem Oriented Policing quizlet?
It's a central component of the latest-generation algorithms developed by Thales and other key players. It holds the secret to face detection, face tracking, face match, and real-time translation of conversations.
Face recognition systems are getting better all the time.
According to a recent NIST report, massive gains in recognition accuracy have been made in the last five years (2013- 2022) and exceed the 2010-2013 period.
Most of the face recognition algorithms in 2022 outperform the most accurate algorithm from late 2013.
In its 2022 test, NIST found that 0.2% of searches in a database of 26.6 million photos failed to match the correct image, compared with a 4% failure rate in 2014.
There's more.
In NIST's 2022 tests, the best facial identification algorithm has an error rate of 0.08% - that's less than one error for 1.000 images. (source: How accurate are facial recognition systems, CSIS)
Yes, you understand that right.
It's a 50x improvement over six years.
Artificial neural network algorithms are helping face recognition algorithms to be more accurate.
A study published in June 2022 estimates that by 2024, the global facial recognition market would generate $7billion of revenue, supported by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16% over 2022-2024.
For 2022, the market was estimated $3.2 billion.
The two most significant drivers of this growth are surveillance in the public sector and numerous other applications in diverse market segments.
Accenture, Aware, BioID, Certibio, Fujitsu, Fulcrum Biometrics, Thales, HYPR, Idemia, Leidos, M2SYS, NEC, Nuance, Phonexia, and Smilepass.
The main facial recognition applications can be grouped into three principal categories.
Here are the top three application categories where facial recognition is being used.
Forensic specialists can use Automated Biometric Identification Systems (ABIS) to compare multiple types of biometrics.
This market is led by increased activity to combat crime and terrorism.
The benefits of facial recognition systems for policing are evident: detection and prevention of crime.
2. Health
Significant advances have been made in this area.
Thanks to deep learning and face analysis, it is already possible to:
- track a patient's use of medication more accuratelydetect genetic diseases such as DiGeorge syndrome with a success rate of 96.6%support pain management procedures.
3. Banking and retail
This area is undoubtedly the one where the use of facial recognition was least expected. And yet, quite possibly, it promises the most.
Know Your Customer (KYC) with facial recognition online is sure to be a hot topic in 2022.
Why?
Because 64% of primary checking account openings were done online in Q2 2022 ( and 36% in branch) in the United States alone.
The pandemic has accelerated this emerging dynamic, and many branches are temporarily closed.
Besides, increased mobile usage urges businesses to have a mobile-first focus and develop fully mobile user-friendly onboarding experiences.
During the selfie process, to avoid fraud using a static image, a liveness detection shall be provided by the technology.
Liveness detection proves that the selfie taken comes from a live person.
The result?
Adapting to current customer preferences, financial institutions (FIs) invest in digital onboarding through online and mobile channels.
Facial recognition with liveness detection simplifies online onboarding and KYC procedures. Thales is a major provider of identity verification solutions, including this feature.
According to Forbes, digital account opening (DAO) was the most popular technology in banking for the third consecutive year. Close to 80% of all financial institutions add new DAO systems or enhance their existing ones in 2022 and 2022.
This important trend is being combined with the latest marketing advances in customer experience.
By placing cameras in retail outlets, it is now possible to analyze shoppers' behavior and improve the customer purchase process.
How exactly?
Like the system recently designed by Meta, sales staff are provided with customer information taken from their social truyền thông profiles to produce expertly customized responses.
The American department store Saks Fifth Avenue is already using such a system. Amazon Go stores are reportedly using it.
How long before the selfie payment?
Since 2022, KFC, the American king of fried chicken, and Chinese retail and tech giant Alibaba have been testing a face recognition payment solution in Hangzhou, China.
In March 2022, 52 Perekrestok stores (Перекрёсток) from X5 retail group have launched touchless payment by face for self-service checkout terminals with Visa Payment System and Sberbank.
The facial recognition payment system would be used in 3,000 stores by yearend, according to Yahoo!
There's more.
Moscovites will be able to pay for metro rides according to Interfax the end of 2022.
#4 Mapping of new users
While the United States currently offers the largest market for face recognition opportunities, the Asia-Pacific region sees the fastest growth in the sector. China and India lead the field.
Face recognition in China
Face recognition technology is the new hot topic in China, from banks and airports to police.
Now authorities are expanding the facial recognition sunglasses program as police are beginning to use them in Beijing's outskirts.
China is also setting up and perfecting a video surveillance network countrywide.
According to CNBC, over 200 million surveillance cameras were in use in 2022, and over 500 million are expected by 2022.
The facial recognition towers in Chinese cities are emblematic of this move.
This is linked to the social credit system the Chinese government is developing.
In the TOP 10 cities with the most street cameras per person, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Ji’nan lead the pack.
London is #6 and Atlanta #10, according to the Guardian of 2 December 2022.
There's more.
Chinese police are working with artificial intelligence companies such as Yitu, Megvii (in partnership with Huawei), SenseTime, and CloudWalk, according to The Tp New York Times of 14 April 2022.
China's ambitions in AI (and facial recognition technology) are high. The country aims to become a world leader in AI by 2030.
Surprisingly, China provides strong biometric data protection against private entities AND increases the government's access to personal information.
This paradox is evidenced by privacy expert Emmanuel Pernot- Leplay in his report dated 2 November 2022.
Facial recognition in Asia
Facial recognition will be an important topic for the 2022 Olympic Games in Tokyo (postponed to September 2022).
This technology will be used to identify authorized persons and grant them access automatically, enhancing their experience and safety. It's also being used in Nhật bản for easier mobile banking access.
In Sydney, face recognition is undergoing trials airports to help move people through security much faster and safer.
In India, the Aadhaar project is the largest biometric database in the world. It already provides a unique digital identity number to 1.29 billion residents as of the end of March 2022.
UIDAI, the authority in charge, announced that facial authentication would be launched in a phased roll-out.
It's presently being tested for financial services (October 2022.)
Face authentication will be available as an add-on service in fusion mode and one more authentication factor like a fingerprint, Iris, or TOTP.
India could also roll out the world's most extensive face recognition system in 2022.
The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has issued an RFP inviting bids to develop a nationwide facial recognition system.
According to the 160-page document, the system will be a centralized web application hosted the NCRB Data Center in Delhi. It will be available for access to all the police stations.
It will automatically identify people from CCTV videos and images. The Bureau states that it will help police catch criminals, find missing people, and identify dead bodies.
Other large projects
The Superior Electoral Court (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) is involved in a nationwide biometric data collection project in Brazil. The aim is to create a biometric database and unique ID cards, recording the information of 140 million citizens.
In Africa, Gabon, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso have chosen Thales to meet the challenges of biometric identity to identify voters uniquely.
Russia's Central Bank has been deploying a countrywide program since 2022 designed to collect faces, voices, iris scans, and fingerprints.
But the process is progressing very slowly, according to the Biometricupdate website of 13 March 2022.
Moscow claims one of the world’s largest networks of 160,000 surveillance cameras by the end of 2022 and is fitted with facial recognition technology for public safety.
The roll-out started in January 2022.
Russian law does not regulate non-consensual face detection and analysis.
#5 When face recognition strengthens the legal system
The ethical and societal challenge posed by data protection is radically affected by facial recognition technologies.
Do these technological feats, worthy of science-fiction novels, genuinely threaten our freedom?
And with it, our anonymity?
EU and UK biometric data protection
In Europe and the UK, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides a rigorous framework for these practices.
Any investigations into a citizen's private life or business travel habits are out of the question, and any such invasions of privacy carry severe penalties.
Applicable from May 2022, the GDPR supports the principle of a harmonized European framework, particularly protecting the right to be forgotten and giving consent through explicit affirmative action.
Yes, you read it well. There's now one law for 500 million people.
This directive is bound to have international repercussions.
US biometric data protection landscape
In the absence of federal law, cities and states are filling the gap.
The State of Washington was the third US state (after Illinois and Texas) to formally protect biometric data through a new law introduced in June 2022.
California was the fourth state as of January 2022.
The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), passed in June 2022 and effective as of 1 January 2022, will have a severe impact on privacy rights and consumer protection not only for residents of California but for the whole nation.
The law is frequently presented as a model for a federal data privacy law.
In that sense, the CCPA has the potential to become as consequential as the GDPR.
In July 2022, Bradford L. Smith, Microsoft’s president, compared the face recognition technology to products like highly regulated medicines, and he urged Congress to study it and oversee its use.
In May 2022, US Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez voiced her "absolute" concerns in a recent Committee Hearing on facial recognition Technology (Impact on our Civil Rights and Liberties).
A Tp New York State law called the Stop Hacks and Improve Electronic Data Security (SHIELD) became effective on 21 March 2022. It requires the implementation of a cybersecurity program and protective measures for NY State residents.
The act applies to businesses that collect the personal information of NY residents.
With the act, Tp New York now stands beside California.
Facial recognition bans (San Francisco, Somerville, Oakland, San Diego, Boston, Portland)
Privacy and civil rights concerns have escalated in the country as face recognition gains traction as a law enforcement tool, and on 6 May 2022, San Francisco voted to ban facial recognition.
It is the first ban of its kind on the use of face recognition.
The anti-surveillance ordinance signed by San Francisco's Board of Supervisors bars city agencies, including San Francisco PD, from using the technology as of June 2022.
Yes, this includes law enforcement.
There's more.
As reported by the Boston Globe on 27 June 2022, the Somerville City Council (Massachusetts) voted to ban facial recognition, making the city the second community to make such a decision.
Lather, rinse, repeat.
- On 16 July 2022, Oakland (California) took the same decision and became the third US city to ban face recognition technology. It is interesting to note that the Oakland Police department is not using this technology and was not planning to use it.San Diego took the same decision the end of December 2022
in advance of the new Californian law. This new law (Assembly Bill 215) about facial recognition and other biometric surveillance) specifically prohibits the use of police body toàn thân cameras in California. The ban is in place for three years as of 1 January 2022.On 24 June 2022, Boston voted to ban face surveillance technology by police, as reported by the
Boston Herald.Portland (Oregon) decided its ban on 9 September 2022 (effective 1 January 2022.) The city is the first city to extend it to "private entities in places of public accommodation" such as private stores.
(CNN).Massachusetts passed a reform bill in December 2022 restricting the use of facial recognition. It's applicable as of May 2022.Virginia legislature passed (April
2022) a new bill (HB 2031) that prohibits law enforcement agencies from continuing to use facial recognition software after 1 July 2022.
Since the San Francisco, Sommerville, Oakland, and now San Diego, Boston, and Portland rulings, the debate gets louder in many cities and states and not only in the U.S.
In Europe, the end of August 2022, Sweden's Data Protection Authority decided to ban facial recognition technology in schools and fined a local high school (the first GDPR penalty in the country).
How to better regulate emerging technologies?
So,
- Should other cities or countries follow this example?Is the ban just a "pause button" to better assess risks?Is this a step backward for public safety?Is there a policy vacuum? At which level?
Stay tuned for the outcome of all these discussions as the US Congress is getting pressure from activists to ban the technology and from providers) to regulate.
But there's still no Federal legal framework to address the issue as of May 2022.
The EU Commission is planning to act on the indiscriminate use of facial identifier technology. The European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen wants a coordinated approach to artificial intelligence's human and ethical implications. She has pledged to publish an AI legislation blueprint very soon.
The final version of the European commission whitepaper is available online. Tough draft rules have been presented by the Euroepan Commission in April 2022. But according to Reuters, it could take years before the rules come into force.
Similarly, in June 2022, EU's two privacy watchdogs (EDPB and EDPS) called for a ban on facial recognition in publicly accessible spaces.
Again the questions of privacy, consent, and function creep (data collected for one purpose being used for another)are central to the debate.
Find more on biometric data protection laws(EU, UK, and US perspectives) in our biometric data dossier.
India and its national biometric identification scheme, Aadhaar
In India, thanks to the Puttaswamy judgment delivered on 27 August 2022, the Supreme Court has enshrined the right to privacy in the country's constitution. This decision has rebalanced the relationship between citizen and state and posed a new challenge to expanding the Aadhaar project.
The Indian government, however, approved the use of the country's biometric EID program by private entities on 28 February 2022.
Rebound effect: the legal system and its professions get even stronger.
As both ambassadors and guardians of data protection regulation, data protection officers have become necessary for businesses and a much sought-after role.
#6 The rebels – facial recognition hackers
Despite this technical and legal arsenal designed to protect data, citizens, and their anonymity, critical voices have still been raised.
Some parties are concerned and alarmed by these developments. Some have taken action.
But can facial recognition be fooled?
- Grigory Bakunov in Russia has invented a solution to escape proper face detection and confuse face detection devices. He has developed an algorithm that creates special makeup to fool the software. However, he has chosen not to bring his product to market after realizing how easily criminals could use it.
- In Germany, Berlin artist Adam Harvey has come up with a similar device known as
CV Dazzle. He is now working on clothing featuring patterns to prevent detection. The hyperface camouflage includes patterns in fabric, such as eyes and mouths, to fool the face recognition system.
- In late 2022, a Vietnamese company successfully used a mask to hack the Face ID face recognition function of Apple's iPhone X. However, the hack is too complicated to implement for large-scale
exploitation.
- Around the same time, researchers from a German company revealeda hack that allowed them to bypass the facial authentication of Windows 10 Hello by printing a facial image in infrared.
- Forbes announced in an article from May 2022 that
researchers from the University of Toronto have developed an algorithm to disrupt facial recognition software (aka privacy filter).
- In August 2022, the Verge detailed a "cloaking" app named Fawkes. The software imperceptibly distorts your selfies and other pics you may leave on social truyền thông. The tool is coming from the University
of Chicago’s Sand Lab.
In short, a user could apply a filter that modifies specific pixels in an image before putting it on the web. These changes are imperceptible to the human eye but are very confusing for facial recognition algorithms.
- In November 2022, a tool named Anonymizer was made available by Generated Media. The software creates a series of
synthetic portraits from a picture you can upload. The images are mathematically similar to your face and look like you but will trick facial recognition software, according to tnw website. It could be an interesting solution to fool systems like Clearview AI that are scrapping millions of faces from social truyền thông (learn more on the Clearview AI controversy).
We tested Anonymizer on 27 November 2022. But the 40+ doppelgangers we got were, however, far from looking like the original portrait uploaded.
[embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssbAfSExJ-Q.[/embed]
An interesting experiment by Thomas Smith published on 28 January 2022 revealed a simple technique to make you invisible.
According to his tests, wearing a disposable mask and opaque sunglasses is a powerful combination to render you invisible.
Why?
In that case, the FR systems are denied too much valuable information (mouth, nose, eyes, eyebrows) to make a precise facial comparison.
The industry is working on anti-spoofing mechanisms, and standardization groups have specifically identified two topics:
Make sure the captured image has been done from a person and not from a photograph (2D), a video screen (2D), or a mask (3D) (liveness check orliveness detection)Ensure that facial images (morphed portraits) of two or more individuals have not been joined into a reference document, such as a passport.#7 Further together – towards hybridized solutions
The identification and authentication solutions of the future will borrow from all aspects of biometrics.
This will lead to a biometric mix capable of guaranteeing total security and privacy for all stakeholders in the ecosystem.
It's very much the spirit of Thales Gemalto IdCloud Fraud Prevention, a risk assessment, and fraud detection software for payments.
In this solution, geolocation, IP addresses (the device being used), and keying patterns can create a solid combination to authenticate users for online banking or egovernment services securely.
This seventh trend belongs to us.
It's our job to envisage it together and make it happen through high-added-value biometric projects.
Thales has specialized in biometric technologies for almost 30 years. The company has always collaborated with the best players in research, ethics, and biometric applications.
Face recognition and you.
Now it's your turn.
The months to come hold many changes in store.
Indeed, we can't claim to predict all the essential topics that will emerge in the short term future.
Can you fill in some of the gaps?
If you've something to say on facial recognition, tech, trends, a question to ask, or have simply found this article useful, please leave a comment in the box below.
We'd also welcome any suggestions on how it could be improved or proposals for future articles.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Which is designed to familiarize citizens with law enforcement?
According to the text, citizens' police academies are designed to familiarize citizens with law enforcement.What was the basic purpose that guided the National Advisory Commission quizlet?
Created in 1967 to study issues of race relations; on that hostility between the police and ghetto communities was a major cause for disorder. Officially known as the national advisory commission on civil disorders.What is one reason that it is hard to evaluate community policing quizlet?
why is it difficult to assess community policing? police go door-to-door; introduce themselves and attempt to provide and obtain info. relies upon citizen volunteers who observe an area for potential problems and reports problems to police.Who first introduced the idea of Problem Oriented Policing quizlet?
Procedural justice relates to citizens' perceptions of police fairness in contacts with officers. Who introduced Problem-Oriented Policing and described the means over ends syndrome? Herman Goldstein. Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết The term design includes physical social Management and law enforcement directives true False