Thủ Thuật Hướng dẫn The causes of learning disabilities while not well understood are generally attributed to Mới Nhất
Dương Anh Tuấn đang tìm kiếm từ khóa The causes of learning disabilities while not well understood are generally attributed to được Update vào lúc : 2022-10-29 16:22:07 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Thủ Thuật Hướng dẫn trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết Mới Nhất. Nếu sau khi đọc nội dung bài viết vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại phản hồi ở cuối bài để Ad lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.What are they?
When people have average or above-average intelligence but have a hard time keeping up with their peers in learning they are said to have a learning disability. If there is an official clinical diagnosis of a problem it is called a learning disorder. Common Learning Disabilities include problems with speaking, learning to read, doing math, reasoning and writing.
Nội dung chính Show- DSM-5 Diagnostic CriteriaLink to LearningDyscalculiaEpidemiologyKey Takeaways: Specific Learning DisorderWhat are the cause of learning disabilities?What are the 4 major types of learning disabilities?Is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning?Which of the following is not considered a learning disability?
The causes are not well understood however researchers do know that heredity can play a factor and it’s not uncommon for Learning Disabilities to ‘run in the family’. Problems during pregnancy or birth can also cause problems that show up as Learning Disabilities. Finally, accidents after birth such as injury or exposure to toxins can lead to learning difficulties.
Treatment considerationsHumans are adaptable and there are a great many interventions that can help children reach their potential. Therapists help children find strategies to cope with whatever is causing them difficulty.
Developmental considerationsHaving a learning disability can be emotionally stressful, and the stress can be as much a problem for the individual as the underlying condition. Kids may have a hard time understanding why they do not learn as easily as others, or feel they are ‘stupid.’ Also about one third of people with a learning disability also have ADHD.
Looking down the roadMany people with Learning Disabilities learn how to cope effectively and can pursue whatever ambitions suit them. Appropriate support can play a big role in their success.
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria
Specific learning disorder is a classification of disorders in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner within one of several domains. Often referred to as learning disabilities, learning disorders are characterized by inadequate development of specific academic, language, and speech skills. Types of learning disorders include difficulties in reading (dyslexia), mathematics (dyscalculia), and writing (dysgraphia).
The diagnosis of specific learning disorder was added to the DSM-5 in 2013. The DSM does not require that a single domain of difficulty (such as reading, mathematics, or written expression) be identified—instead, it is a single diagnosis that describes a collection of potential difficulties with general academic skills, simply including detailed specifiers for the areas of reading, mathematics, and writing. Academic performance must be below average in least one of these fields, and the symptoms may also interfere with daily life or work. In addition, the learning difficulties cannot be attributed to other sensory, motor, developmental, or neurological disorders.
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders that affect different areas of cognition, particularly language or reading. It should be pointed out that learning disabilities are not the same thing as intellectual disabilities. Learning disabilities are considered specific neurological impairments rather than global intellectual or developmental disabilities. Often, learning disabilities are not recognized until a child reaches school age. One confounding aspect of learning disabilities is that they most often affect children with average to above-average intelligence. In other words, the disability is specific to a particular area and not a measure of overall intellectual ability. At the same time, learning disabilities tend to exhibit comorbidity with other disorders, like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Link to Learning
If you are interested in further reading on learning disabilities, read this post published in Psychology Today “Gifted Kids with Learning Problems.”
Dyslexia
Dyslexia, sometimes called reading disorder, is the most common learning disability; of all students with specific learning disabilities, 70–80% have deficits in reading. The term developmental dyslexia is often used as a catch-all term, but researchers assert that dyslexia is just one of several types of reading disabilities. A reading disability can affect any part of the reading process, including word recognition, word decoding, reading speed, prosody (oral reading with expression), and reading comprehension.
Figure 1. People with dyslexia may have difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, “sounding out” words in their head, pronouncing words when reading aloud, and understanding what they’re reading.
Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia is a form of math-related disability that involves difficulties with learning math-related concepts (such as quantity, place value, and time), memorizing math-related facts, organizing numbers, and understanding how problems are organized on the page. People with this dyscalculia are often referred to as having poor “number sense.”
Dysgraphia
The term dysgraphia is often used as an overarching term for all disorders of written expression. Individuals with dysgraphia typically show multiple writing-related deficiencies, such as grammatical and punctuation errors within sentences, poor paragraph organization, multiple spelling errors, and excessively poor penmanship.
An additional type of learning disability is nonverbal, also known as NVLD. Nonverbal learning disabilities represent another type of learning difficulty in which individuals demonstrate adequate vocabulary, verbal expression, or reading skills, but present difficulties with certain nonverbal activities (e.g., problem-solving, visual-spatial tasks, reading body toàn thân language, and recognizing social cues).
Figure 2. Dysgraphia is often characterized by grammatical and punctuation errors within sentences, poor paragraph organization, multiple spelling errors, and excessively poor penmanship.
Etiology
The causes of learning disabilities are not well understood. However, some potential causes or contributing factors are
- heredity. Learning disabilities often run in the
family—children with learning disabilities are likely to have parents or other relatives with similar difficulties.problems during pregnancy and birth. Learning disabilities can result from anomalies in the developing brain, illness or injury, fetal exposure to alcohol or drugs, low birth weight, oxygen deprivation, or premature or prolonged labor.accidents after birth. Learning disabilities can also be caused by head injuries, malnutrition, or toxic exposure (such as heavy
metals or pesticides).
Epidemiology
Figure 3. Dyscalculia tends to become more apparent as children get older; however, symptoms can appear as early as preschool. Dyscalculia is characterized by difficulties with common arithmetic tasks such as reading analog clocks; stating which of two numbers is larger; and basic adding, subtracting, multiplication, and division.
The DSM-5 estimates the prevalence of all learning disorders (including impairment in writing as well as in reading and/or mathematics) to be about five to 15% worldwide and the German S3 guideline names prevalence for reading and/or writing disorders of about 3%-8%.[1]
The percentage of people with dyslexia is unknown, but it has been estimated to be as low as 5% and as high as 17% of the population. While it is diagnosed more often in males, some believe that it affects males and females equally.
Dyscalculia is thought to be present in 3%-6% of the general population, but estimates by country and sample vary. Many studies have found prevalence rates by gender to be equivalent. Those that find a gender difference in prevalence rates often find dyscalculia higher in females, but some few studies have found prevalence rates higher in males.
The prevalence for developmental writing disorders is about seven to 15% among school-aged children, with boys being more affected than girls by two to three times.[2]
Watch It
Watch this video for an overview of the specific learning disorders:
[embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L11VrL66ubU[/embed]
You can view the transcript for “Learning disability—definition, diagnosis, treatment, pathology” here (opens in new window).
Treatment
Individuals with learning disorders face unique challenges that may persist throughout their lives. Depending on the type and severity of their disability, interventions and technology may be used to help the individual learn strategies that will foster future success. Some interventions can be quite simple while others are intricate and complex. Teachers, parents, and schools can work together to create a tailored plan for intervention and accommodation to aid an individual in successfully becoming an independent learner. School psychologists and other qualified professionals often help design and manage such interventions. Social support may also improve learning for students with learning disabilities.
Key Takeaways: Specific Learning Disorder
Glossary
specific learning disorder: a classification of disorders in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner within one of several domains; often referred to as learning disabilities
What are the cause of learning disabilities?
Psychological trauma or abuse in early childhood may affect brain development and increase the risk of learning disorders. Physical trauma. Head injuries or nervous system infections might play a role in the development of learning disorders. Environmental exposure.What are the 4 major types of learning disabilities?
Learning disabilities usually fall within four broad categories:. Spoken language-listening and speaking.. Written language-reading, writing, and spelling.. Arithmetic-calculation and concepts.. Reasoning-organization and integration of ideas and thoughts..Is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning?
Learning disability: A childhood disorder characterized by difficulty with certain skills such as reading or writing in individuals with normal intelligence. Learning disabilities affect the ability to interpret what one sees and hears or the ability to link information from different parts of the brain.Which of the following is not considered a learning disability?
Likewise, intellectual disabilities (formerly called mental retardation), autism spectrum disorders, or low intelligence quotient (IQ) all may be associated with learning difficulties, but are not considered learning disabilities. Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết The causes of learning disabilities while not well understood are generally attributed to