Mẹo Hướng dẫn What is a Japanese technique in which the practitioner transfers healing energy to the patient by means of visualization or gentle touch? Chi Tiết
Lê Minh Châu đang tìm kiếm từ khóa What is a Japanese technique in which the practitioner transfers healing energy to the patient by means of visualization or gentle touch? được Update vào lúc : 2022-10-08 22:30:10 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Bí quyết Hướng dẫn trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết Mới Nhất. Nếu sau khi Read nội dung bài viết vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại Comment ở cuối bài để Tác giả lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.Pain management
Nội dung chính- Pain managementTherapeutic touchEnd-of-Life CareHealing or Therapeutic Touch and Reiki TherapyComplementary and integrative therapies: Beyond traditional approaches to intervention
in neurological diseases and movement disorders *Therapeutic touchOther Therapies to ConsiderUnderstanding Complementary and Alternative MedicineEnergy TherapiesManipulation, Traction, and MassagePeripheral
Nerve ProblemsManual TechniquesWhat to Say to ClientsTips From the FieldDiverse complementary therapies for fertility-related emotional and physical
wellbeingTouch, massage, and emotional wellbeingTherapeutic Touch and ReikiBiofield and manipulative therapies for emotional wellbeing and fertilityTherapeutic touch/healing touch/spiritual touchWhat is the medical term for an induced effect that is the opposite of what was therapeutically intended?What is an instrument used to visually examine the external ear and Tim panic membrane?What is used to relieve pain of inflammation and also acts as an analgesic and antipyretic?Is an imaging technique that records the echoes of pulses of sound waves?
Rolando T. Lazaro PT, PhD, DPT, in Umphred's Neurological Rehabilitation, 2022
Therapeutic touch
A description of therapeutic touch can be found inChapter 39. Therapeutic touch has been effective in treating painful conditions resulting from anxiety and tension. In a report by Keller and Bzdek, 90% of individuals treated with therapeutic touch experienced tension headache relief, and 70% had continued relief for more than 4 hours; only 37% of the placebo group expressed sustained relief.140 A meta-analysis and systematic review on therapeutic touch revealed that the available studies have varying approaches and protocols on therapeutic touch, subject selection, and description. Although most of these studies confirm the efficacy of the technique, several studies also have demonstrated negative or mixed results.141 Therapeutic touch and other approaches are being more widely accepted; however, the therapist must continue to be diligent in using outcome studies to substantiate the use of any complementary therapy. (SeeChapter 39 for additional information.)
End-of-Life Care
Lucille Marchand MD, BSN, in Integrative Medicine (Second Edition), 2007
Healing or Therapeutic Touch and Reiki Therapy
In small, nonrandomized, not controlled trials, therapeutic touch has been found to reduce anxiety and pain and improve relaxation. Therapeutic touch is the focused intention to heal on the part of the practitioner; it involves the transfer of energy from the environment through the practitioner and to the patient.136 In one large descriptive study, a hospital evaluated its inpatient therapeutic touch program. They found that it decreased anxiety and pain and increased relaxation.137 Therapeutic touch is challenging to research with randomized controlled trials, because it is difficult to have a control group, and the effects cannot be differentiated from a placebo response.138 Four trials of therapeutic touch for wound healing were variable in effect.139 Systematic reviews of research to evaluate this modality have shown no consistent, statistically significant effect on reducing pain or anxiety.140
Reiki therapy balances the bioenergy fields on a deep vibrational level. Its therapeutic goals are to restore balance and resiliency and to promote nonspecific healing. Light touch is used on specific areas of the head and torso. If the patient has lesions, the practitioner's hands can hover a few inches above the patient. Reiki therapy may reduce anxiety and pain.141 Miles and True reviewed randomized controlled trials of the use of Reiki therapy and found inconclusive results.142
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Complementary and integrative therapies: Beyond traditional approaches to intervention in neurological diseases and movement disorders *
Rolando T. Lazaro PT, PhD, DPT, in Umphred's Neurological Rehabilitation, 2022
Therapeutic touch
Ellen Zambo Anderson
Therapeutic Touch (TT) is a complementary health approach based on the concept of energy fields, sometimes referred to asbiofields. TT is practiced by nurses, rehabilitation specialists, and others for the purposes of reducing pain and anxiety, accelerating the healing process, and promoting a sense of well-being.316 Although not specifically named or described by the US NCCIH, TT is considered a mind and body toàn thân practice.317
Assumptions.There are four assumptions that form the foundation for TT as an intervention that can facilitate healing and health. The first assumption, described by Delores Krieger, RN, PhD, the developer of TT, is that the body toàn thân is an open energy system. The open system allows energy, often referred to assubtle energy, to flow within and through the body toàn thân. This flow allows for a dynamic interface with the environment.318 The second assumption suggests that individuals are bilaterally symmetrical, so that the right and left and front and back mirror each other. This symmetry allows for a balanced energy flow. The third assumption is that an imbalance or an irregular flow of subtle energy is associated with physiological impairments, illness, and disease. The fourth assumption is that the body toàn thân can initiate and achieve a process of self-healing through manipulation of biofields and restoration of subtle energy balance and flow.318
The concept of internal and external subtle energies and their relationship to health and illness can be found in many whole medical systems, such as Ayurveda,319 traditional Chinese medicine,320 and Navajo medicine.321 More specifically, the assumptions of TT described by Krieger have their roots in the ancient concepts of prana and chakras.322,323 Prana, which is coinedchi orqi in other systems of medicine, is the universal life force or energy that circulates through the universe and all living things. Chakras are the centrally aligned energy centers that are able to receive, transform, and send prana throughout the body toàn thân. A blockage, interruption, void, or imbalance of prana is thought to exist when there is pathology or disease. Restoration of an individual’s energy flow and balance is important for self-healing and health.324
Krieger, along with her colleague Dora Kunz, investigated the phenomenon and characteristics of people known as “healers” and concluded that healers possess a heightened sensitivity to their patients’ states of health and being and are able to effect change through intention and energy. Through her description of sensing and effecting change in an individual’s energy or biofield, Krieger has elucidated a four-step process that defines TT as a distinct therapeutic intervention different from other energy-based therapies such as Reiki and Healing Touch.
Asthma
John D. Mark MD, in Integrative Medicine (Second Edition), 2007
Other Therapies to Consider
It is difficult to know where to put bioenergetic modalities—traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), healing touch and prayer, and homeopathy—in the stepwise approach to asthma care. These could really fit anywhere in the treatment plan from the most mild to the most severe asthma. It is important to use them in conjunction with the previously discussed therapies if the patient has moderate or severe symptoms, but they would be appropriate as first-line treatment of the interested patient with mild or intermittent asthma.
Traditional Chinese MedicineTCM has been practiced for several thousand years and has many forms. The basis, however, is the understanding of the connections among body toàn thân, mind, and spirit in health and disease. The belief in an unseen vital energy that affects the patient's health and how this energy or qi (chi) flows through the appropriate channels is the basis of this practice. The practitioner can affect this flow or intensity by manipulating the balance through the use of acupuncture, Chinese herbs, diet, and physical therapy. TCM can successfully treat many medical conditions.
Acupuncture and other forms of TCM are thought to be beneficial in the treatment of asthma. Clinical observations showed that acupuncture and individually mixed Chinese herbs were effective, although clinical trials have not supported these observations. The National Institutes of Health 1997 Consensus Development Conference on Acupuncture recommended acupuncture for many conditions, including asthma.37 One review showed modest improvement in asthma symptoms using acupuncture,38 and another study suggested that acupuncture before exercise protected against exercise-induced asthma symptoms.39 A systematic review of 11 studies for acupuncture and asthma concluded that there is not enough evidence to make recommendations about the value of acupuncture in asthma treatment. The review goes on to recommend further research because of the complexities and different types of acupuncture.40
DosageDosage of acupuncture is practitioner dependent, and the effects of TCM usually take several treatments to appear.
PrecautionsAdverse side effects of acupuncture are rare but have been reported, including pneumothoraces leading to death.
Healing Touch and PrayerHealing touch and other touch therapies such as therapeutic touch, reiki, and johrei are defined as the consciously directed process of energy exchange during which the practitioner uses touch or “nontouch” as a focus to facilitate healing. Prayer, which does not even require touch or the presence of the healer to help with symptoms and medical condition, has been used in nearly every culture for centuries. There are few studies involving this type of energy healing in the patient with asthma. One small study using “hands-on” healing in adult asthmatics did show some reduction in medication use.41
DosageDosage depends on the modality (healing touch, therapeutic touch, reiki, johrei, prayer); all have different approaches, and the practitioners use various assessments.
HomeopathyHomeopathy is thought to be an energy medicine because it is not based on the usual physical laws found in science but on the premise that using “remedies” that would cause the same symptoms (principle of like cure) and are very dilute (the more dilute, the more potent; law of dilution) have the most powerful treatment. There is a belief that the dilution in water actually imparts healing energy and that this energy, combined with the patient's vital force or energy, is used in healing.
Several studies have shown efficacy of homeopathic remedies in the treatment of both asthma and allergies.42 The study in asthma showed reduction in symptoms but no real difference in pulmonary function. A review of the research in homeopathy for treating asthma (six trials with a total of 556 subjects were included) concluded that there is not enough evidence to reliably assess the possible role of homeopathy in asthma this time.43
The remedies depend on the particular patient's symptom pattern and should be individually assessed by an experienced homeopath to select the correct constitutional remedy. Some of the commonly used homeopathic remedies are as follows:
Arsenicum album: Used for asthma with restlessness and anxiety.
Ipecac: Used for chest constriction and cough.
Pulsatilla: Used for chest pressure and air hunger.
Sambuscus: Used for asthma symptoms that awaken one in the night.
DosageDosage depends on the individual and the guidance of the practitioner (see Chapter 113, Therapeutic Homeopathy).
PrecautionsHomeopathy is thought to be safe owing to the extreme dilution, and the treatments are inexpensive.
PREVENTION PRESCRIPTION
▪Eliminate potential allergens and triggers in the environment.
▪Increase fruit and vegetable intake along with that of omega-3–rich fats, which are found in cold-water fish, nuts, greens and ground flaxseed.
▪Follow an exercise regimen and consider other types of activities that incorporate both exercise and meditation, such as yoga and martial arts.
▪Take controller medications, such as inhaled steroids and leukotriene modifier medication, routinely until asthma is no longer persistent and the medications can safely be decreased or discontinued.
▪Consider adding a multivitamin with antioxidants (vitamins C and E, B-complex, selenium) to the diet.
▪Botanicals may be helpful in controlling and decreasing asthma symptoms but are best taken under the guidance of a health care provider with experience in using them.
▪Mind-body toàn thân therapies such as relaxation, visualization, and self-hypnosis may decrease asthma exacerbations and reduce the need for asthma medications.
▪Stress reduction in the home, work place, and school may prevent or decrease asthma symptoms and airway inflammation.
THERAPEUTIC REVIEWFollowing is a summary of therapeutic options for treating asthma. If a patient is having persistent symptoms (daily wheezing, shortness of breath, difficulty sleeping, or difficulty exercising) or severe symptoms (even if intermittent), it would be best to prescribe more aggressive therapy such as the beta-agonist and anti-inflammatory medications as controller medications. For the patient who has mild to moderate or intermittent symptoms, this stepwise approach might be considered.
▪ Lifestyle•As with many chronic illnesses, asthma would be best treated if prevented. Unfortunately, changing a person's lifestyle, including the environment, is difficult. Because of the cultural and regional differences just in the United States, patient populations differ in how they approach a chronic illness and even how they use medical care.
▪ Environmental•Reducing exposure to asthma triggers can be therapeutic in itself. Such things as house dust mite reduction, frequent cleaning, use of HEPA filters, avoiding secondhand smoke, and removing all pets from the home will help decrease the “irritability” of the airways.
▪ Nutrition•With elimination of allergenic-type foods such as dairy products ( least for a trial period), shellfish, foods with nitrites, sulfites, added food coloring, and artificial sweeteners, asthma symptoms often diminish. Patients should consider increasing intake of organic fruits and vegetables for their antioxidant contribution as well as foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids while decreasing those containing omega-6 fatty acids (vegetable oils).
▪ Supplements•Increasing vitamin C (250 mg twice a day), vitamin B6 (100 mg/day), and vitamin E (400 IU/day) may all help with chronic asthma. Magnesium (200 mg/day), selenium (100 μg/day), and fish oil capsules (1 gm twice daily) would be additional therapy to consider.
▪ Mind-Body Methods•These techniques can be very rewarding in the treatment of asthma, and breathing and relaxation are an excellent place to start.
•Guided imagery and hypnosis therapies are readily available in most communities and will also help decrease symptoms, medication use, and physician/urgent care visits. Usually, these methods should be used regularly (once or twice daily) until familiar to the patient; they can then be used as needed for the asthma symptoms.
•Journaling is also recommended, and patients should spend least 20 minutes writing about their asthma or other stressors in their lives three times per week.
▪ Exercise•Not only will routine exercise help with asthma (3 to 5 periods of exercise lasting a minimum of 20 minutes per week), it will also help with self-esteem, weight loss, and cardiovascular health. Exercise should be used with caution in those with exercise-induced asthma.
▪ Botanicals•Ginkgo biloba: 120 to 240 mg in a divided dose (two to three times/day).
•Coleus: 50 mg 3 times/day.
•Licorice (Caved-S): 760 mg 3 times/day (only periodically and if patient has no underlying cardiovascular or renal problems).
•Kanpo: Usually used as a mixture of Chinese herbal preparations in the form of a tea, depending on the specific brand, used 1-3 times/day.
•Pcynogenol: 30-100 mg/day or 10 mg/kg/day, taken 2-3 times/day.
▪ Pharmaceuticals•For patients with mild to moderate symptoms that are persistent, starting with pharmaceuticals with anti-inflammatory properties such as fluticasone (Flovent), 2 puffs of the 110 MDI (110 μg/inhalation) twice daily, or budesonide (Pulmocort), 1 actuation twice daily, will improve symptoms in most patients while the other interventions mentioned previously can be started. For acute symptoms, one should use albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin), 2 puffs twice daily, or levalbuterol (Xopenex), 2 puffs twice daily. These medications should be considered first line if a patient has persistent or severe symptoms.
•Other medications, such as leukotriene modifiers (Singulair 10 mg daily), may also be considered.
▪ Biomechanical Approaches•As adjuncts to the mentioned modalities and depending on the patient's preferences, massage, OMT, and chiropractic therapies may be very beneficial. All three have different approaches and regimens, but finding a practitioner who is familiar with treating patients with asthma is the key.
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Understanding Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Mark H. Swartz MD, FACP, in Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: History and Examination, 2022
Energy Therapies
Energy therapies, which involve the detection and use of energy fields for therapeutic benefit. These therapies are categorized into three types: biofield therapies, bioelectromagnetic-based therapies, and acupuncture. The termbiofield was coined in 1994 a meeting the NIH, and the biofield hypothesis purports that all objects radiate an electromagnetic field. If an object such as part of a healer's body toàn thân, a nutritional supplement, or an externally applied electromagnetic field is brought near to or inside the body toàn thân of an individual, the frequencies radiated by the object or field interact with the individual's field. Biofields have been described traditionally by the ancient Indians asprana, by the Chinese asqi (orchi), by the Japanese aski, by Jewish mysticism as “astral light,” and by Christian painters as “halos.” Current practices involvingbiofield therapies are intended to affect a patient's energy field for the purpose of healing by having a healer place his or her hands in or through them; the therapist's healing force restores the patient. Examples of this type of energy therapy includeReiki,qi gong, and therapeutic touch.Reiki, a Japanese word meaning “universal life energy,” is an ancient form of healing by touch and is based on the belief that when spiritual energy is channeled through a Reiki practitioner, the patient's spirit is healed. It is a way of channeling this energy through one's hands, enabling the body toàn thân to accelerate its own healing process.Qi gong is a Chinese technique that combines slow-moving meditative postures, meditation, stretching, and regulation of breathing to enhance the flow ofqi in the body toàn thân to enhance immune function, improve circulation, and achieve wellness.
Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies involve the unconventional use of electromagnetic fields. Positioning external magnetic fields near or around the person, usually by placing magnets on the body toàn thân, into clothing, or in mattresses, is an example of this type of therapy.
Acupuncture is an age-old healing art of traditional Chinese medicine in which thin needles are placed into the body toàn thân to allowqi (energy) to flow unimpeded. Advances in acupuncture allow for the attachment of electrodes to the needles through which small currents are passed. The dominant form of therapy in traditional Chinese medicine is acupuncture. To understand acupuncture, the reader must first understand the concept of meridians. Meridians are a unique part of Chinese medical theory; they are the channels through whichqi flows among the organs, adjusting and harmonizing their activities. The meridians, which are not blood vessels, are 20 to 50 µm in diameter and link together all the fundamental substances and organs. They are bilateral and exist beneath the surface of the skin. The places which the branches reach the skin surface are designated as acupuncture sites. Each meridian has an entry and exit point; energy enters through the entry point and flows through to the exit point. There are 12 primary meridians of the body toàn thân, each running vertically, bringingqi and the other four essential substances to specific parts of the body toàn thân. No part of the body toàn thân is withoutqi; a blockage causes an imbalance in the flow of the life force. InFig. 3.2, a male model demonstrates where the meridians and acupuncture sites are indicated.Fig. 3.3A depicts the clinician placing an acupuncture needle in the buttocks of a man with sciatica;Fig. 3.3B shows all the needles in position.
Manipulation, Traction, and Massage
James W. Atchison, ... James E. Eubanks, in Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Sixth Edition), 2022
Overview
Manual medicine, the use of hands in healing, goes back to ancient times. The therapeutic touch advantage of the laying on of hands is immeasurable. Not only is there a therapeutic benefit, but there is also a tremendous emotional support to the patient. There are various methods of applying manual medicine and techniques overlap with both chiropractic medicine and osteopathic medicine. However, many physical therapists, massage therapists, and other practitioners also utilize manual techniques for overall patient care. This can serve as a primary method of healing and as an adjunct to conventional care. Patients suffering with myofascial pain, low back pain, and cervicogenic pain can experience significant relief from manual medicine techniques. Given the overwhelming numbers of adults who will experience low back pain (approximately 80%) and neck pain (approximately 50%) during their lifetime, it is no wonder that the use of manual techniques is often incorporated into the care of these patients.48,72,73,206 Estimates of the total expenditures on care are approximately $90 billion spent on the diagnosis and management of low back pain, with an additional $10 to $20 billion attributed to economic losses in productivity each year.73 Many residency programs in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) incorporate some form of manual medicine teaching, and for many years the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) has incorporated educational sessions with hands-on training in the use of manual techniques. This chapter is dedicated to reviewing the principles behind manual medicine along with other modalities including traction and massage as they are incorporated into the practice of PM&R.
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Peripheral Nerve Problems
Anne Michelle Moscony, in Cooper's Fundamentals of Hand Therapy, 2022
Manual Techniques
Manual therapy techniques, designed to increase blood flow and reduce pain, are also helpful. Therapeutic touch can be augmented by discussions about stress management, relaxation, visualization, and activity pacing. Incorporating these cognitive-behavioral techniques with manual therapies, in my experience, facilitates pain reduction by acknowledging the presence of pain and by gently and supportively instructing the client in self-management strategies for pain reduction. Discussion of soft-tissue mobilization and myofascial release techniques are beyond the scope of this chapter. The reader is encouraged to seek out courses in these areas to develop appropriate knowledge and skills before applying these techniques.
What to Say to Clients
Typical Concerns•Why is my hand/wrist/forearm/elbow still swollen?
•Typical Answer: “Swelling is a normal part of healing. Your body toàn thân is producing the cells that are needed for healing. Following an injury or surgery, you will see swelling, but we will reduce it with hand therapy as quickly as possible. Try to keep your injured arm elevated above your heart as much as you can during the first week after surgery. Use pillows to help maintain this position. Ultimately, though, you may experience some amount of swelling for up to 1 year from your injury or surgery.”
•Will my scar open up if I massage over it?
•Typical Answer (once sutures are out and the wound is showing adequate tensile strength): “No, your wound won’t break open if you apply cream and massage your scar. Begin gently, using any kind of lotion. I prefer something with an oily feel because while the nerve is healing, it’s not as efficient maintaining the skin’s normal healthy elasticity. Massage the whole hand, not just the scar.”
•Why do I have pain? Or why do I still have pain? Should I keep exercising if I have pain?
•Typical Answer: “Pain is your body toàn thân’s normal mechanism for telling you that something is wrong. Usually that’s a good thing, letting you know that you’re doing too much or that something is amiss. Sometimes this warning mechanism continues to alert you, even when you’ve taken care of the initial problem. Your brain comes to expect pain, even when what you’re doing should not be painful. When that happens, you need to learn how to self-manage your symptoms. Knowing the difference between pain that is a ‘good’ warning pain and pain that needs to be self-managed is difficult. I can help you with this. You should always tell me if you have pain with anything I give you in therapy (or with anything you are trying to do home). Do not work through pain unless we discussed that this is to be expected. You can actually injure yourself further if you push through pain.”
Tips From the Field
OrthosesOrthotics are used in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries for three reasons: (1) protection, (2) prevention, and (3) functional enhancement. The rationale for choosing and providing an orthosis is where clinical reasoning comes into play: Why choose one orthotic over another over another?
•For protection: To diminish neural tension to create a healing environment. It is used to abate acute symptoms or symptoms that are observed rest and increased with activity.
•For prevention: To prevent motions that result in additional compression to the nerve, reducing potential inflammation that could lead to worsening of symptoms. To prevent contractures secondary to muscle imbalance. Myoplasticity is the principle that muscle tissue will adapt structurally and functionally to changes in activity level and/or to prolonged positioning. Overstretched muscles result in an increase in sarcomeres (the functional unit of the muscle). An increase or decrease in sarcomeres means that the muscle adapts to its new resting length. Muscles can only generate optimal force their resting length. Furthermore, muscles will contract about 50% of their resting length to generate this optimal force.62 Thus overstretched reinnervated muscles to the wrist/hand will demonstrate a decreased ability to generate optimum strength during functional activities/use.
•For functional enhancement: To substitute for or enhance impaired function. When we stabilize an arthritic joint, as with the CMC joint of the thumb, we expect improved stability and strength that joint and a decrease in joint pain during activity. When we develop a static progressive orthotic that provides a slow and steady stretch to the tissues, we expect to see improved tissue extensibility and thus improved motion and function that joint. When we provide our client with a dynamic radial nerve palsy brace that provides passive MP joint extension, but allows digit flexion, we intend to improve the client’s functional grasp following a radial nerve palsy. We must educate clients about how orthoses will improve their function. If possible, give clients options and allow them input into the process.
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Diverse complementary therapies for fertility-related emotional and physical wellbeing
Alys Einion, in Fertility, Pregnancy, and Wellness, 2022
Touch, massage, and emotional wellbeing
As discussed above, aromatherapy and other holistic, therapeutic approaches such as music and relaxation, are often associated or combined with therapeutic touch. The skin is the largest organ in the body toàn thân, and the first sense organ to develop in the fetus [62]. Montagu [63] states that “touch is ten times stronger than verbal or emotional contact, and it affects damn near everything we do. No other sense can arouse you like touch. We forget that touch is not only basic to our species, but the key to it.” Touch is a basic human need, and one which has measurable effects. Touch has been shown to affect human emotion [64] to mediate stress, and potentially have some role to play in the epigenetics of the reproductive cells [1]. Touch as a therapeutic tool exists in many forms, including massage, reflexology, acupressure, and therapeutic touch, and the contribution of these to emotional wellbeing will be explored here. It must be noted however that the evidence based directly on relating touch to fertility is very limited, something that is a common issue for complementary therapies. These kinds of touch techniques are as humanistic as a therapy can get, involving bodily closeness, physical comfort, and physically measurable effects. As with other therapies, they are a part of holistic wellness, and can relate to the release of hormones that support bonding, such as oxytocin [65]. In particular, its ability to promote and sustain relationships between partners/prospective parents, and between parents and caregivers, should not be underestimated.
“Massage is the applied use of touch in which the practitioner uses various stroking, kneading, rolling and pressure movements of the hands, arms and elbows to manipulate the soft tissues” [65]. Its use in midwifery and pregnancy care is argued to be one of the oldest forms of therapy [65]. The great benefit of massage is that it is a form of positive touch that does not need a great amount of training to perform. The key message in any massage is that the person performing the massage (the giver) should regularly check in with the person receiving it, to check levels of pressure and comfort, and to adjust the type of touch accordingly.
Having said this, massage has a body toàn thân of practice and tradition, as well as some evidence, supporting its use. Bennet et al. [66] have found that different massage techniques can aid in reducing blood pressure, levels of cortisol (a stress hormone), and perceptions of stress. For promoting emotional wellbeing, reduction of stress seems key. Miner et al. [67] in their study found that, although the evidence base is limited and subject to bias, massage is associated with an improvement in outcomes of fertility treatment. Knowing this to be the case could improve a sense of hope and positivity for those facing infertility and could add to positive emotions. At the very least, knowing that using such therapies might enhance their wellbeing and fertility could add a feeling of self-efficacy a time when many people feel powerless and that they have somehow failed. Massage has been shown, for example, to have a positive emotional effect on self-critical individuals, especially women [68].
There is a body toàn thân of literature that shows massage having a beneficial effect on people who have depressive illness [69,70], evidence through changes in Electroencephalograph (EEG) readings that are associated with positive emotions. Field et al. [71] also found that massage therapy can increase vagal activity in people with depression, Field et al. [72] found that neurohormonal factors relating to depression, such as high cortisol levels, can be beneficially affected by massage, and that massage can increase serotonin levels, which positively affects mood. This would suggest that massage may have a positive effect on anyone experiencing stress or experiencing the emotional effects of infertility.
Reflexology has been used in health care to good effect [73]. Reflexology is a form of holistic healing based in ancient traditions from Egypt, China, and India [65] that have a range of philosophical groundings and differing techniques [74] described as hand and foot massage, reflexology, or reflex zone therapy. Modern reflexology emerged within scientific parameters relating to physiological effects [65]. Within these different therapeutic approaches, there is one common factor: massage and touch techniques applied to the feet (and hands and ears) are thought to bring about the body toàn thân’s own ability to heal and balance itself. This is due to the thought that these areas represent a map of the whole body toàn thân, and the touch applied to various areas representing parts of the body toàn thân will help balance the function of those parts [65]. Tiran [65] links its use to reduction of stress and anxiety in maternity care. It stands to reason therefore, that in preconception care, and promotion of emotional wellbeing in those with fertility issues, reflexology could offer a means by which the understandable stress and anxiety that is associated with infertility could be ameliorated. Studies which look the effects of reflexology on infertility however are problematic, as Holt et al. [75] show, as it can be difficult to remove bias or account for unspecified effects. They found in their trial that although no statistically significant beneficial effects were found for their reflexology treatment group, compared to the sham group, there was an increase in ovulation in both groups, suggesting that foot massage itself may have some benefits. Further research however is needed in this area.
Acupressure is a form of massage that uses palms and fingers to activate particular energy meridians in line with traditional acupressure ([76]; Cevik and Taski, 2022). The idea is that adding different types of touch and pressure to certain key points on the surface of the body toàn thân will support the body toàn thân to heal itself [77]. It is based on the idea of finding harmony in the flow of life energy that pervades the universe and all things; the ability of the body toàn thân and the self to achieve wellbeing is related to this harmony (Cevik and Tascki, 2022). It has been shown to have a range of effects on illness and its symptoms [76,78–82], and has been shown to help reduce pain, to bring about relaxation, and to have psychological effects such as changing mood [77,83]. In maternity care, acupressure has shown some benefits for the reduction of pain in labor, improvement of lower back pain, and improvements in dysmenorrhea symptoms [84–86].
The mechanism of action is about balancing (homeostasis), and healing affects relating to both psychological and physiological parameters [76,87]. Its most common use seems to be in pain management, which is said to be achieved through release of endorphins and effects on the brain and limbic system [76,88–90]. It could be that acupressure, as a specific from of therapeutic touch, could help people undergoing fertility treatment to cope with the pain associated with that treatment, which could contribute to emotional wellbeing and stress management.
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Neck Pain
J. Adam Rindfleisch MD, MPhil, in Integrative Medicine (Second Edition), 2007
Therapeutic Touch and Reiki
Many Eastern traditions hold that the neck houses the throat chakra, a wheel of energy that extends anterior and posterior to the body toàn thân the level of the thyroid.42 Although therapies that purport to balance the human energy field, such as therapeutic touch and Reiki, still must be studied in much greater detail, some interesting findings are beginning to emerge. Many studies find least small benefits, and harm is minimal, provided that patients do not defer potentially lifesaving biomedical therapies in order to focus on receiving energy medicine treatments.
A Cochrane review of noninvasive treatments for chronic headache concluded that therapeutic touch was an option “with weaker evidence of effectiveness” and emphasized that future studies could influence that conclusion.43 A study of 24 patients with cancer pain found that patients who received Reiki versus standard care experienced an improvement in pain ratings and quality of life but did not alter their opioid use.44 Therapeutic touch has been found to reduce behavioral symptoms in patients with dementia,45 to improve functional ability in 82 elderly patients with arthritis,46 and to decrease pain due to osteoarthritis of the neck in a small, single-blinded randomized trial.47 At this point it may be said that, although these forms of energy healing still need to be evaluated more extensively, they have potential utility and are worth considering as adjuncts to other neck pain treatment methods. Clinical experience suggests that there is a great giảm giá of potential benefit when these modalities are recommended according to specific individuals' needs.
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Biofield and manipulative therapies for emotional wellbeing and fertility
Alys Einion, in Fertility, Pregnancy, and Wellness, 2022
Therapeutic touch/healing touch/spiritual touch
The need for human touch is a fundamental part of being human, and starts birth. Touch becomes even more important when individuals experience stress or challenges in their life [25]. Touch is a form of communication [26], and offers and supports relaxation on physical and emotional levels. Touch can also enhance individual feelings of confidence and self-esteem as well as enhancing wellbeing on a physiological level [27–30]. Touch therapies are used in reproductive health to manage pain, and anxiety, enhance sleep, and manage minor symptoms of pregnancy [31–34].
The use of TT has been documented in health-care practice for many years. When considering touch from a physiological perspective, it is well known that it forms part of nonverbal communication and the formation of relationships, and the literature suggests that touch can have positive effects [35,36]. However, TT is something more purposeful than the standard ways of touching people to establish communication or rapport. Rather, we can see TT as something that focuses on the individual to use touch to promote relaxation and healing [26,32]. TT may be considered particularly relevant when considering how to promote emotional wellbeing in pregnancy and fertility, because, it is argued, this touch brings about a reduction in common emotions and psychological states, including loss of control, fear, and anxiety [26], all of which can be associated with both fertility and infertility issues, and with pregnancy and birthing.
According to Erenoglu [35], touch conveys and communicates interest, sincerity, positive regard, and support, and can be associated with improved recovery and wellbeing. However, the wrong use of touch can have negative effects [35]. For those providing care and support to patients experiencing infertility, or people who are pregnant, touch offers an inexpensive approach that can be used in any part of the therapeutic relationship, any time. A number of studies have shown positive effects on normalizing breathing, and reducing pulse rate and blood pressure; affecting body toàn thân temperature; decreasing pain, stress and anxiety; enhancing mental state, self-confidence and quality of life; and improving the therapeutic relationship [25,35,37–40]. Thus TT focuses on healing and relaxation as part of a holistic approach to care that is based in regarding the individual as a whole. Turan [26,41]. The aim is to promote physical and emotional/mental relaxation, and thus to stimulate the ability of the body toàn thân to heal itself, using the energy that is transmitted through the practitioner’s hands [42]. Practitioners create an atmosphere of calm and establish a connection with the patient, then use their own hands and channeling energy to scan the whole body toàn thân and identify any imbalances or other anomalies within the patient’s energy field or aura. This is followed by TT specific to these areas in order to reduce tension, remove blockages, and increase energy flow. Thus the practitioner is using their own energy field as a means of providing balance and healing through its interaction with the patient’s energy field [35].
Some literature suggests that in the field of women’s health and wellbeing, touch therapy can have specific benefits, including bringing about improvements in overall health, aiding in prevention of disease, and providing a complementary therapy that enhances their response to other treatments [43–45]. Touch therapies may therefore be used during labor and birth, particularly in addressing fear [46] and enhancing trust and communication in the therapeutic relationship [47]. Types of touch that engage with the back, sacrum, abdomen, hips and legs may help to reduce the pain associated with contractions [48,49].
Massage and reflexology are touch techniques that are associated with a reduction in pain during pregnancy and labor, perhaps through the physical interference with neuronal transmission of pain, or by affecting how pain is perceived, or through the regulation of emotions, or through the release of neurochemicals and endorphins that affect the experience of pain [11,50–52]. Some research links massage to changes in the experience and perception of pain through sensory nerve activation and oxytocin release [53], both of which could be beneficial in birthing. Field [52] suggests that massage increases vagus nerve activity, which then has a positive effect on the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which in turn reduces the production of cortisol and enhances emotional wellbeing. Massage has been shown to have an impact on pain during birthing in a number of studies [48,49]. If more women and birthing people were aware of the potential for massage to reduce pain, this might reduce anticipatory anxiety and fear and contribute to better emotional wellbeing during pregnancy and birthing. Touch therapies may also increase muscle relaxation, reduce stress and enhance sleep [39]. All of these would potentially contribute to improved mental and emotional health and balance.
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URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128183090000253
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