Kinh Nghiệm Hướng dẫn Which medication is the first choice of medication for the treatment of ADHD Quizlet Mới Nhất
Hà Quang Phong đang tìm kiếm từ khóa Which medication is the first choice of medication for the treatment of ADHD Quizlet được Cập Nhật vào lúc : 2022-11-15 14:32:05 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Bí quyết về trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết 2022. Nếu sau khi đọc nội dung bài viết vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại Comment ở cuối bài để Mình lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.Correct Answer: 3
Nội dung chính Show- Which medication is the first choice of medication for the treatment of attention deficit?Which of the following was the first nonstimulant medication used in the treatment of ADHD quizlet?Which medication has been found to be effective as a treatment in ADHD?Which of the following is an order for medication to be given immediately?
Global Rationale: Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include difficulty in paying attention and focusing on tasks, hyperactivity, distractibility, impulsivity, and talking excessively. Being distractible, unable to complete assignments, and interrupting other children are not typical 7-year-old behaviors. Depression does look different in children, but these symptoms are clearly symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Being distractible, unable to complete assignments, and interrupting other children are symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), not bipolar disorder.
The best answer is A
Paroxetine, a selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is approved for
use in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines do not have evidence of efficacy
in PTSD and are not generally recommended for first line use in PTSD. D -
Cycloserine, an NMDA agonist, has been theorized to be useful in facilitating fear
extinction,
and may be useful in conjunction with exposure therapy. However, it is
not a first-line choice. Quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is not approved as
first-line treatment for PTSD, but may be useful in selected cases as a third-line
treatment, specifically for sleep and possible reduction of nightmares.
The best answer is B
Buspirone is a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist used to treat anxiety.
Buspirone's partial agonist actions
presynaptic somatodendritic serotonin
autoreceptors may theoretically enhance serotonergic activity and contribute to
antidepressant actions. The partial agonist actions postsynaptically may
theoretically diminish serotonergic activity and contribute to anxiolytic actions. It
does not produce significant sedation, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, or musculoskeletal
relaxing effects.
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that is nonspecific and works by binding to multiple
GABA-A receptors
subtypes, including the alpha-1 subunit that is important for
sedation Mirtazapine blocks 5HT2A, 5HT2C, and 5HT3 serotonin receptors and
blocks H1 histamine receptors. Histamine 1 receptor antagonism may explain
sedative effects. By blocking dopamine 2 receptors in the striatum, haloperidol can
cause motor side effects. Also, by blocking alpha 1 adrenergic receptors, it can
cause dizziness, sedation, and hypotension.
Psychostimulant meds
---Psychostimulant compounds are the most widely used medications for the management of ADHD symptoms. Psychostimulant medications were first administered to children with behavior and learning problems in 1937. Despite their name, these medications do not work by increasing stimulation of the person. Rather, they help important networks of nerve cells in the brain to communicate more effectively with each other. Between 70-80 percent of children with
ADHD respond positively to these medications. For some, the benefits are extraordinary; for others, medication is quite helpful; and for others, the results are more modest. Attention span, impulsivity, and on-task behavior often improve, especially in structured environments. Some children also demonstrate improvements in frustration tolerance, compliance, and even handwriting. Relationships with parents, peers and teachers may also improve.
-(types)
Common psychostimulant medications
used in the treatment of ADHD include methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Focalin), mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine product (Adderall, Adderall XR), and dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, Dextrostat). Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and mixed salts of amphetamine are now available as both short- and long-acting preparations. Short-acting preparations generally last approximately 4 hours; long-acting preparations are more variable in duration - with some preparations lasting 6-8
hours, and newer preparations lasting 10-12 hours. Of course, there can be wide individual variation that cannot be predicted and will only become evident once the medication is tried.
-Methamphetamine hydrochloride (brand name Desoxyn) is a central nervous stimulant and is also approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD. Because it can be abused or lead to dependence, it is classified as a controlled substance. This medication is not commonly prescribed, except in rare
circumstances.
-The specific dose and timing of medication must be determined for each individual. However, there are no consistent relationships between height, age and clinical response to a medication. A medication trial is often used to determine the most beneficial dosage. The trial usually begins with a low dose that is gradually increased 3-7 day intervals until clinical benefits are achieved. It is common for the dosage to be raised several times during the trial.
-Since
effective longer-acting formulations of stimulants have become available in recent years, many children, adolescents and adults have found these preferable. Longer-acting medications may cause fewer "ups and downs" over the day and may eliminate the need for taking additional doses school or during work. Although there is little research on utilizing short-acting and long-acting medications together, many individuals, especially teenagers and adults, find that they may need to supplement a
longer-acting medication taken in the morning with a shorter-acting dose taken in mid to late afternoon. The "booster" dose may provide better coverage for doing homework or other late afternoon or evening activities and may also reduce problems of "rebound" when the earlier dose wears off.
-Nonstimulant Medications
-less studies
-Nonstimulants may be used when contraindications to psychostimulant medications exist, psychostimulant medications have been ineffective, unacceptable side
effects have resulted, or the individual or child's parents prefer a nonstimulant for other reasons.
-November 2002, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new medication called atomoxetine (Strattera) specifically for ADHD. This medication is neither a stimulant nor an antidepressant. It alleviates inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms of ADHD by affecting specific aspects of the norepinephrine system. Atomoxetine has been tested on more than 1,600 children,
adolescents and adults. It is a prescription medication, but it is not a controlled substance like a stimulant. This allows medical professionals to give samples and to place refills on the prescriptions. It does not start working as quickly as the stimulants do. Reports suggest that the full effects are often not seen until the person has been taking atomoxetine regularly for 3 or 4 weeks.
-November 2002, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new medication called atomoxetine
(Strattera) specifically for ADHD. This medication is neither a stimulant nor an antidepressant. It alleviates inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms of ADHD by affecting specific aspects of the norepinephrine system. Atomoxetine has been tested on more than 1,600 children, adolescents and adults. It is a prescription medication, but it is not a controlled substance like a stimulant. This allows medical professionals to give samples and to place refills on the prescriptions. It does
not start working as quickly as the stimulants do. Reports suggest that the full effects are often not seen until the person has been taking atomoxetine regularly for 3 or 4 weeks.
-Medications initially developed as antidepressants are used less frequently for ADHD but have been shown to be effective. Antidepressants that have active effects on the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine - i.e. the tricyclics and novel medications like bupropion - can have a positive effect on ADHD
symptoms. Antidepressants that only affect the serotonin system - i.e. serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and citalopram (Celexa) - have not been shown to be effective for treating primary symptoms of ADHD but may be effective against co-existing conditions. Clonidine (Catapres) and guanfacine (Tenex) are sometimes prescribed to reduce excessive hyperactivity or severe insomnia in children with ADHD, though these medications have
not been shown to be effective for alleviating inattention problems.
-Possible Side Effects of Medications for ADHD
Most immediate side effects related to these medications are mild and typically short-term. The most common side effects are reduction in appetite and difficulty sleeping. Some children experience "stimulant rebound," a brief period of negative mood, fatigue, or increased activity when the medication is wearing off. These side effects are usually managed by changing the
dose and scheduling for short-acting medications, or by changing to a prolonged-release formulation. Headache and stomachache are occasionally seen; these often disappear with time or, if necessary, a dose reduction. There may be an initial, slight effect on height and weight gain, but studies suggest that ultimate height and weight are rarely affected. For any questions about possible side effects, consult a physician or other medical professional.
Parents sometimes report that medication
that had previously worked during childhood no longer works once the child reaches adolescence. Often this problem can be alleviated by dose adjustment or switching to another medication. Adolescence is not usually the time to give up on medical management for ADHD if it was helpful in past years. If such problems occur with your adolescent, discuss your observations and concerns with your medical doctor. A few studies suggest that some children with ADHD reach puberty later than their peers,
but this does not appear to be a result of medication treatment.
-A relatively uncommon side effect of psychostimulant medications is the unmasking of latent tics
-Psychostimulant medications can facilitate the emergence of a tic disorder in susceptible individuals. Often, but not always, the tic will disappear when the medication is stopped.
-(side note on tics)
-
Note multimodal approach
Treating ADHD in children requires medical, educational, behavioral and psychological interventions. This comprehensive approach to treatment is called "multimodal" and consists of parent and child education about diagnosis and treatment, behavior management techniques, medication, and school programming and supports. Treatment should be tailored to the unique needs of each child and family.
Which medication is the first choice of medication for the treatment of attention deficit?
Methylphenidate. Methylphenidate is the most commonly used medicine for ADHD. It belongs to a group of medicines called stimulants, which work by increasing activity in the brain, particularly in areas that play a part in controlling attention and behaviour.Which of the following was the first nonstimulant medication used in the treatment of ADHD quizlet?
Strattera® (atomoxetine) is the first nonstimulant medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Which medication has been found to be effective as a treatment in ADHD?
ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder and there are effective pharmacological agents to treat it, including amphetamines and methylphenidate. Different adverse events should be monitored closely, depending on the medication prescribed.Which of the following is an order for medication to be given immediately?
Stat medication orders are administered immediately and only once; single orders are also given only once but not necessarily immediately; a standing order is an order for a medication that will be given specific times until it is discontinued by a doctor's order or by default when a facility's policy states that ... Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết Which medication is the first choice of medication for the treatment of ADHD Quizlet