Kinh Nghiệm về Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment. Mới Nhất
Lã Hiền Minh đang tìm kiếm từ khóa Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment. được Update vào lúc : 2022-12-24 17:40:31 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Bí quyết về trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết Mới Nhất. Nếu sau khi Read Post vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại Comment ở cuối bài để Mình lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.- 1.2.1: In your own words, define explanatory variable and response variable.1.2.1E: In your own words, define explanatory variable and response variable.1.2.2: What is an observational study? What is a designed experiment? Whic...1.2.2E: What is an observational study? What is a designed experiment? Whic...1.2.3: Explain what is meant by confounding. What is a lurking variable?1.2.3E: Explain what is meant by confounding. What is a lurking variable?1.2.4: Given a choice, would you conduct a study using an observational st...1.2.4E: Given a choice, would you conduct a study using an observational st...1.2.5: ?What is a cross-sectional study? What is a case-control study? Whi...1.2.5E: What is a cross-sectional study? What is a case-control study? Whic...1.2.6: The data used in the influenza study presented in Example 3 were ob...1.2.6E: The data used in the influenza study presented in Example were obta...1.2.7: Explain why it would be unlikely to use a designed experiment to an...1.2.7E: Explain why it would be unlikely to use a designed experiment to an...1.2.8: What does it mean when an observational study is retrospective? Wha...1.2.8E: What does it mean when an observational study is retrospective? Wha...1.2.9: In 916, determine whether the study depicts an observational study ...1.2.9E: In Problems, determine whether the study depicts an observational s...1.2.10: In 916, determine whether the study depicts an observational study ...1.2.10E: In Problems, determine whether the study depicts an observational s...1.2.11: In 916, determine whether the study depicts an observational study ...1.2.11E: In Problems, determine whether the study depicts an observational s...1.2.12: In 916, determine whether the study depicts an observational study ...1.2.12E: In Problems, determine whether the study depicts an observational s...1.2.13: In 916, determine whether the study depicts an observational study ...1.2.13E: In Problems, determine whether the study depicts an observational s...1.2.14: In 916, determine whether the study depicts an observational study ...1.2.14E: In Problems, determine whether the study depicts an observational s...1.2.15: In 916, determine whether the study depicts an observational study ...1.2.15E: In Problems, determine whether the study depicts an observational s...1.2.16: In 916, determine whether the study depicts an observational study ...1.2.16E: In Problems, determine whether the study depicts an observational s...1.2.17: Happiness and Your Heart Researchers wanted to determine if there w...1.2.17E: Happiness and Your Heart Researchers wanted to determine if there w...1.2.18: Daily Coffee Consumption Researchers wanted to determine if there w...1.2.18E: Daily Coffee Consumption Researchers wanted to determine if there w...1.2.19: Television in the Bedroom Researchers Christelle Delmas and associa...1.2.19E: Television in the Bedroom Researchers Christelle Delmas and associa...1.2.20: Television in the Bedroom Researchers Christelle Delmas and associa...1.2.20E: Get Married, Gain Weight Researcher Penny Gordon-Larson and her ass...1.2.21: Analyze the Article Write a summary of the following opinion. The o...1.2.21E: Analyze the Article Write a summary of the following opinion. The o...1.2.22: Reread the article in from Section 1.1. What type of observational ...1.2.22E: Reread the article in Section. What type of observational study doe...1.2.23: Putting It Together: Passive Smoke? The following abstract appears ...1.2.23E: Putting It Together: Passive Smoke? The following abstract appears ...
- Access optionsAdditional access options:Data availabilityCode availabilityAcknowledgementsAuthor informationAuthors and AffiliationsContributionsCorresponding authorEthics declarationsCompeting interestsPeer reviewPeer review informationAdditional informationExtended data figures and tablesExtended Data Fig. 1 Analysis of circulation and blood/perfusate properties after 1h of warm ischaemia and perfusion interventions.Extended Data Fig. 2 Nissl staining and immunohistochemical analysis of the hippocampal CA1 region and the prefrontal cortex (PFC).Extended Data Fig. 3 Representative images of H&E staining across assessed peripheral organs and kidney periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and immunolabeling for HACVR1 and Ki-67.Extended Data Fig. 4 Analysis of cell death across experimental conditions and organs.Extended Data Fig. 5 Evaluation of different cell death pathways by immunohistochemical staining for important molecules in pyroptosis (IL-1B), necroptosis (RIPK3) and ferroptosis (GPX4) across the experimental conditions.Extended Data Fig. 6 EEG setup and recordings, click-iT chemistry and immunohistochemical analysis of factor V and troponin I.Extended Data Fig. 7 Quality control of snRNA-seq data in healthy and varying ischaemic conditions in the hippocampus, heart, liver, and kidney.Extended Data Fig. 8 Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis in healthy and varying ischaemic conditions in the hippocampus, heart, liver, and kidney.Extended Data Fig. 9 Hippocampal single-nucleus transcriptome analysis comparing OrganEx to other experimental conditions.Extended Data Fig. 10 Heart single-nucleus transcriptome analysis comparing OrganEx to other experimental conditions.Extended Data Fig. 11 Liver single-nucleus transcriptome analysis comparing OrganEx to other experimental conditions.Extended Data Fig. 12 Kidney single-nucleus transcriptome analysis comparing OrganEx to other experimental conditions.Supplementary informationReporting SummarySupplementary Table 1Supplementary Table 2Supplementary Table 3Supplementary Table 4Supplementary Table 5Rights and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleShare this articleThis article is cited byPig organs partially revived in dead animals — researchers are stunnedCellular recovery after prolonged warm ischaemiaImproved organ recovery after oxygen deprivationDoes this describe an observational study or an experiment quizlet?Which of the following is an example of an observational study quizlet?What is observational study give an example?What is an example of an observational study in statistics?
After cessation of blood flow or similar ischaemic exposures, deleterious molecular cascades commence in mammalian cells, eventually leading to their death,. Yet with targeted interventions, these processes can be mitigated or reversed, even minutes or hours post mortem, as also reported in the isolated porcine brain using BrainEx technology. To date, translating single-organ interventions to intact, whole-body toàn thân applications remains hampered by circulatory and multisystem physiological challenges. Here we describe OrganEx, an adaptation of the BrainEx extracorporeal pulsatile-perfusion system and cytoprotective perfusate for porcine whole-body toàn thân settings. After 1 h of warm ischaemia, OrganEx application preserved tissue integrity, decreased cell death and restored selected molecular and cellular processes across multiple vital organs. Commensurately, single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis revealed organ- and cell-type-specific gene expression patterns that are reflective of specific molecular and cellular repair processes. Our analysis comprises a comprehensive resource of cell-type-specific changes during defined ischaemic intervals and perfusion interventions spanning multiple organs, and it reveals an underappreciated potential for cellular recovery after prolonged whole-body toàn thân warm ischaemia in a large mammal.
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Fig. 1: Overview of the OrganEx technology and the experimental workflow.
Fig. 2: Circulation and blood/perfusate properties during the perfusion protocols.
Fig. 3: Analysis of tissue integrity across experimental conditions and organs.
Fig. 4: Functional characterization and metabolic activity of selected organs.
Fig. 5: Organ- and cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes assessed by snRNA-seq across various warm ischaemia intervals and different perfusion interventions.
Data availability
The snRNA-seq dataset was deposited the NCBI’s Gene Expression Omnibus and is accessible through GEO Series accession number GSE183448.
Code availability
The source code used to analyse the data presented in this paper is deposited and publicly available GitHub (https://github.com/sestanlab/OrganEx).
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Acknowledgements
We thank the staff HbO2 Therapeutics for providing the Hemopure product; S. G. Waxman for providing us with insights into central nervous system assessments; N. Guerrera, C. Hawley, M. Mamarian and C. Romero for their help in the operating room; T. Wing for assistance with the EEG; C. Booth, A. Brooks, A. Nugent, G. Terwilliger and M. Schadt for help with histopathology and staining; T. Rajabipour for help with the perfusion circuit; P. Heerdt for help with animal perfusions; K. Henderson for assistance with slide imaging; R. Khozein for providing us with EEG equipment; the members of the external advisory and ethics committee for assistance and guidance throughout this research; various members of our laboratory community for their comments on the manuscript; and the staff the Yale Macaque Brain Resource (grant to A. Duque, NIMH R01MH113257) for the use of the Aperio CS2 scanner. This work was supported by the NIH BRAIN Initiative grants MH117064, MH117064-01S1, R21DK128662, T32GM136651, F30HD106694 and Schmidt Futures.
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Author notes
These authors contributed equally: David Andrijevic, Zvonimir Vrselja, Taras Lysyy, Shupei Zhang
Authors and Affiliations
Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
David Andrijevic, Zvonimir Vrselja, Taras Lysyy, Shupei Zhang, Mario Skarica, Ana Spajic, David Dellal, Shaojie Ma, Phan Q.. Duy, Atagun U. Isiktas, Dan Liang, Mingfeng Li, Suel-Kee Kim, Stefano G. Daniele & Nenad Sestan
Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, New Haven, CT, USA
Taras Lysyy & Gregory T. Tietjen
Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Shupei Zhang, Albert J. Sinusas & Nenad Sestan
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
David Dellal, Gregory T. Tietjen & Albert J. Sinusas
Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Stephanie L. Thorn
Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Robert B. Duckrow, Kevin N. Sheth, Kevin T. Gobeske & Hitten P. Zaveri
Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Phan Q.. Duy & Kevin N. Sheth
Medical Scientist Training Program (MD-PhD), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Phan Q.. Duy & Stefano G. Daniele
Department of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Khadija Banu & Madhav C. Menon
Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Sudhir Perincheri & Anita Huttner
Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Stephen R. Latham
Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Albert J. Sinusas
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Albert J. Sinusas
Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Nenad Sestan
Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Nenad Sestan
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Nenad Sestan
Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
Nenad Sestan
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Contributions
D.A., Z.V. and N.S. designed the OrganEx technology and the research described here. Z.V. and D.D. assembled the OrganEx perfusion system. D.A., Z.V., T.L., S.L.T., A.J.S., G.T.T., D.D. and K.T.G. were involved in the planning and preparation for the perfusion studies. D.A. and T.L. performed surgical procedures. D.A., Z.V., T.L. and D.D. conducted perfusion experiments. D.A., Z.V., T.L., D.D., S.Z., S.G.D. and K.T.G. collected and processed tissue samples for subsequent analyses. S.L.T., A.J.S., D.A. and Z.V. performed fluoroscopic and ultrasound imaging and analysis. D.A., Z.V., P.Q..D., S.Z., T.L., A.U.I. and S.G.D. conducted histological and immunohistological studies, imaged and analysed the data. D.A., Z.V., S.Z., D.D., T.L., S.P., K.B., M.C.M., A.S. and A.H. analysed and quantified the histological data. S.Z. and Z.V. performed organotypic slice culture experiments. K.T.G., H.P.Z. and R.B.D. performed the EEG studies and analysed the data. M.S. and S.-K.K. generated snRNA-seq data. A.S., S.M., D.L. and M.L. conducted post-processing and analysis of the snRNA-seq data. D.A., Z.V., A.S. and N.S. interpreted results of the snRNA-seq findings. S.R.L. contributed to the bioethical aspects of the research and interacted with the external advisory committee. N.S. conceived and supervised the project. D.A., Z.V., S.Z. and N.S. wrote the first draft of the manuscript and prepared figures. All of the authors discussed and commented on the data.
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Nenad Sestan.
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Competing interests
D.A., Z.V. and N.S. have disclosed these findings to the Yale Office of Cooperative Research, which has filed a patent to ensure broad use of the technology. All protocols, methods, perfusate formulations and components of the OrganEx technology remain freely available for academic and non-profit research. Although the Hemopure product was provided in accordance with a material transfer agreement between HbO2 Therapeutics and Yale University through N.S., the Company had no influence on the study design or interpretation of the results. No author has a financial stake in, or receives compensation from, HbO2 Therapeutics.
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Nature thanks Amir Bashan, Rafael Kramann and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
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Extended data figures and tables
Extended Data Fig. 1 Analysis of circulation and blood/perfusate properties after 1h of warm ischaemia and perfusion interventions.
a, Representative fluoroscopy images of autologous blood flow (ECMO intervention, up) or a mixture of autologous blood and the perfusate (OrganEx intervention, below) in the head captured after 3 and 6 h respectively of perfusion, showing robust restoration of the circulation in the OrganEx group. A contrast catheter was placed in the left common carotid artery (CCA), except in the ECMO group 6 h timepoint where contrast catheter could not be advanced beyond aortic arch in to the left CCA due to pronounced vasoconstriction, thus resulting in bilateral CCA filling. n = 6. b, Representative colour Doppler images of the CCA demonstrating robust flow in OrganEx group. Ultrasound waveform analysis demonstrated that OrganEx produced pulsatile, biphasic flow pattern (lower panel). SCM, sternocleidomastoid muscle; RI, resistive index. n = 6. c, Longitudinal change in arterial and venous cannula pressures throughout the perfusion demonstrating robust perfusion in OrganEx group. d, Time-dependent changes in oxygen delivery and consumption demonstrating increased oxygen delivery and stable oxygen consumption over the perfusion period in OrganEx group. n = 6. e, Presence of classical signs of death (rigor and livor mortis) in ECMO as compared to OrganEx group the experimental endpoint. Data presented are mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed unpaired t-test was performed. For more detailed information on statistics and reproducibility, see methods. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
Extended Data Fig. 2 Nissl staining and immunohistochemical analysis of the hippocampal CA1 region and the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
a, Representative images of Nissl staining of the CA1 (up) and PFC (below). b, c, Quantification of the number of cells per standardized area (b) and percentage of ellipsoid cells per area (c) in the CA1 between the experimental groups. d, e, Quantification of the number of cells per standardized area (d) and percentage of ellipsoid cells per area (e) in the PFC between the experimental groups. n = 3. f, h, Representative confocal images of immunofluorescent staining for neurons (NeuN), astrocytes (GFAP), and microglia (IBA1) counterstained with DAPI nuclear stain in CA1 (f) and PFC (h). g, Quantification of GFAP immunoreactivity in hippocampal CA1 region depicting comparable immunoreactivity between OrganEx and 0h WIT group, with a significant increase compared to the other groups. i, j, k, l, Quantification of NeuN immunolabeling intensity (i), number of GFAP+ fragments (j), and number of GFAP+ cells (k) depict similar trends between the groups as seen in the CA1. Microglia number (l) shows comparable results between OrganEx and 0h WIT with different dynamics seen in the ECMO group. n = 3. Scale bars, 50 μm. Data presented are mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Dunnett’s adjustments was performed. For more detailed information on statistics and reproducibility, see methods. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
Extended Data Fig. 3 Representative images of H&E staining across assessed peripheral organs and kidney periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and immunolabeling for HACVR1 and Ki-67.
a, Representative images of the H&E staining in heart, kidney, liver, lungs, and pancreas. Arrows point to nuclear damage, asterisks point to disrupted tissue integrity, empty arrowheads point to haemorrhage, full arrowheads point to cell vacuolization, double arrows point to tissue oedema. b, c, H&E histopathological scores in lungs (b) and pancreas (c). d, Representative images of PAS staining of the kidney. Arrows point to disrupted brush border, full arrowheads point to the presence of casts, asterisks point to tubular dilation, double arrows point to the Bowman space dilation. e, Kidney PAS histopathological damage score. n = 5. f, h, Representative confocal images of immunofluorescent staining for HAVCR1 and Ki-67 in kidney, respectively. g, Quantification of HAVCR1 immunolabeling signal intensity. i, j, Quantification of the kidney Ki-67 positive staining. HACVR1 and Ki-67 immunolabeling quantification results follow a similar pattern seen with other organs with comparable results between 0h WIT and OrganEx group and significant decrease in the 7h WIT and ECMO groups. n = 3. Scale bars,100 μm. Data presented are mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Dunnett’s adjustments was performed. For more detailed information on statistics and reproducibility, see methods. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
Extended Data Fig. 4 Analysis of cell death across experimental conditions and organs.
a, f, k, n, Representative confocal images of immunofluorescent staining for activated caspase 3 (actCASP3) and TUNEL assay in heart, liver, kidney, pancreas and brain. b-e, Quantification of actCASP3 immunolabeling signal intensity in heart (b), liver (c), kidney (d), and pancreas (e). n = 3. g-j, Normalized total intensity of TUNEL signal in heart (g), liver (h), kidney (i), and pancreas (j). n = 3. l, m, Percentage of actCASP3 positively stained nuclei in the CA1 (l) and PFC (m). n = 5. o, p, Normalized total intensity of TUNEL signal in CA1 (o) and PFC (p). n = 5. Scale bars, 50 μm. Data presented are mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Dunnett’s adjustments was performed. For more detailed information on statistics and reproducibility, see methods. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
Extended Data Fig. 5 Evaluation of different cell death pathways by immunohistochemical staining for important molecules in pyroptosis (IL-1B), necroptosis (RIPK3) and ferroptosis (GPX4) across the experimental conditions.
a, f, k, Representative confocal images of immunofluorescent staining for pyroptosis marker IL-1B, necroptosis marker RIPK3, and ferroptosis marker GPX4, each co-stained with DAPI nuclear stain in CA1, heart, liver, and kidney. b-e, Quantification of IL-1B immunolabeling signal intensity in CA1 (b), heart (c), liver (d), and kidney (e). n = 3. g-j, Quantification of RIPK3 positive intranuclear co-staining in CA1 (g), and immunolabeling signal intensity heart (h), liver (i), kidney (j). n = 3. l-o, Quantification of GPX4 immunolabeling signal intensity in CA1 (l), heart (m), liver (n), and kidney (o). n = 3. Scale bars, 50 μm left and right panels. Data presented are mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Dunnett’s adjustments was performed. For more detailed information on statistics and reproducibility, see methods. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. IN, intranuclear.
Extended Data Fig. 6 EEG setup and recordings, click-iT chemistry and immunohistochemical analysis of factor V and troponin I.
a, Placement of EEG electrodes on the porcine scalp. b, Representative snapshot of the EEG recordings after administration of anaesthesia and before the induction of cardiac arrest by ventricular fibrillation. c, Representative snapshot of the EEG recordings immediately following the ventricular fibrillation. d, Representative snapshot of the EEG during ECMO intervention around 2h of perfusion protocol. e, Representative snapshot of the EEG during OrganEx intervention around 2h of perfusion protocol, showing a light pulsatile artefact. f, g, Representative snapshot of the EEG recordings following contrast injection 3h in ECMO and OrganEx animals, respectively. OrganEx EEG snapshot is consistent with a possible muscle-movement artefact. GND, ground electrode; REF, reference electrode. h, i, Representative confocal images of AHA through Click-iT chemistry in newly synthesized proteins with DAPI nuclear stain in the long-term organotypic hippocampal slice culture in CA3 (h) and DG (i) subregions. j, k, Relative intensity of nascent protein around nuclei in hippocampal CA3 (j) and DG (k) region showing comparable protein synthesis between OrganEx and 0h WIT up to 14 days in culture. n = 3-5. l, Representative confocal images of immunofluorescent staining for troponin I in the heart. m, Quantification of troponin I immunolabeling signal intensity in heart. A decreased trend in immunolabeling intensity was observed with ischaemia time and a significant decrease in immunolabeling intensity in ECMO compared to the OrganEx group. n = 3. n, Representative confocal images of immunofluorescent staining for factor V in liver. o, Quantification of factor V immunolabeling signal intensity in liver follows a similar pattern seen with other organs with comparable results between 0h WIT, 1h WIT, and OrganEx group and a significant decrease in 7h WIT and ECMO groups. n = 3. Scale bars, 50 μm. Data presented are mean ± s.e.m. For more detailed information on statistics and reproducibility, see methods. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. AU, arbitrary units.
Extended Data Fig. 7 Quality control of snRNA-seq data in healthy and varying ischaemic conditions in the hippocampus, heart, liver, and kidney.
Through transcriptomic integration and iterative clustering, we generated a taxonomy of t-types in healthy organs and brain, heart, liver, and kidney that experienced ischaemia (1h WIT, 7h WIT, ECMO and OrganEx), representing presumptive major cell types across organs of interest. These major t-types were further subdivided into high-resolution subclusters that were transcriptomically comparable to publicly available human single-cell datasets and that were marked by distinct expression profiles (c-f),,,. a, Bar plot showing the number of cells/nuclei across organs and biological replicates. b, Violin plot showing the distribution of the number of unique molecular identifiers – UMIs (upper panel) and genes (lower panel) detected across all biological replicates. c-f, respective analyses of snRNA-seq in the hippocampus (c), heart (d), liver (e), and kidney (f). The left upper corner depicts detailed UMAP layout showing all t-types in the respective organs. The right side depicts the expression of top t-type markers. The left lower corner depicts transcriptomic correlation between the t-type taxonomy defined in this study and that of previous human and mouse datasets,,,. c., cells; LSECs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; end., endothelium; prog., progenitor; perit., peritubular; TAL, thick ascending limb; dend., dendritic; CNT, connecting tubule.
Extended Data Fig. 8 Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis in healthy and varying ischaemic conditions in the hippocampus, heart, liver, and kidney.
a-d, From left to right: UMAP layout showing major t-types; UMAP layout, coloured by Augur cell type prioritization (AUC) between 0h WIT compared to 1h (up) and 7h WIT (down); statistical comparison of Augur AUC scores between 0h WIT and 1h (up) and 7h (down) of WIT; Volcano plot showing top DEGs in major annotated t-types between 0h and 1h WIT (up), or 0h and 7h WIT (down); GO terms associated with the genes up and downregulated in detected nuclei between 0h and 1h WIT (up), or 0h and 7h WIT (down) with their nominal P-value in respective major annotated t-types.
Extended Data Fig. 9 Hippocampal single-nucleus transcriptome analysis comparing OrganEx to other experimental conditions.
a, AUC scores of the Augur cell type prioritization between OrganEx and other groups. b, Volcano plot showing DEGs in hippocampal neurons between OrganEx and 0h WIT, 1h WIT, 7h WIT, and ECMO. c, Trajectories of hippocampal neurons. Colour indicates different experimental groups. d, Sankey plot showing perfusate components and violin plots showing their effects on hippocampal neurons between the OrganEx and ECMO groups. e, Hierarchical clustering of the top DEGs across experimental groups and derived functional gene modules (upper left). Eigengene average expression trends exhibit distinct trends between ECMO and OrganEx groups (lower left) of modules whose enriched GO terms are predominantly related to cellular function (right) (Supplementary Table ). f, Expression of the genes involved in cell-death pathways in neurons. g, Gene expression enrichment of the genes involved in cell-death pathways in neurons. h, Stacked bar plot showing relative information flow for each signalling pa pathway across experimental group pairs. Significant signalling pathways were ranked based on differences in the overall information flow within the inferred networks between OrganEx and 0h WIT, 1h WIT, 7h WIT, and ECMO. Genes important in inflammation are highlighted grey. i, Overall signalling patterns across all experimental conditions. Genes important in inflammation are highlighted grey. Necro-1, necrostatin-1; Mino, minocycline; DEXA, dexamethasone; Met. B, methylene blue; GEE, Glutathione Ethyl Ester. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, NS: not significant.
Extended Data Fig. 10 Heart single-nucleus transcriptome analysis comparing OrganEx to other experimental conditions.
a, AUC scores of the Augur cell type prioritization between OrganEx and other groups. b, Volcano plot showing the DEGs in cardiomyocytes between OrganEx and 0h WIT, 1h WIT, 7h WIT, and ECMO. c, Trajectories of heart cardiomyocytes. Colour indicates different experimental groups. d, Sankey plot showing perfusate components and violin plots showing their effects on cardiomyocytes between the OrganEx and ECMO groups. e, Hierarchical clustering of the top DEGs across experimental groups and derived functional gene modules (upper left). Eigengene average expression trends exhibit distinct trends between ECMO and OrganEx groups (lower left) of modules whose enriched GO terms are predominantly related to cellular function (right) (Supplementary Table ). f, Expression of the genes involved in cell-death pathways in cardiomyocytes. g, Gene expression enrichment of the genes involved in cell-death pathways in cardiomyocytes. h, Stacked bar plot showing relative information flow for each signalling pathway across experimental group pairs. Significant signalling pathways were ranked based on differences in the overall information flow within the inferred networks between OrganEx and 0h WIT, 1h WIT, 7h WIT, and ECMO. Genes important in inflammation are highlighted grey. i, Overall signalling patterns across all experimental conditions. Genes important in inflammation are highlighted grey. Necro-1, necrostatin-1; Mino, minocycline; DEXA, dexamethasone; Met. B, methylene blue; GEE, Glutathione Ethyl Ester. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, NS: not significant.
Extended Data Fig. 11 Liver single-nucleus transcriptome analysis comparing OrganEx to other experimental conditions.
a, AUC scores of the Augur cell type prioritization between OrganEx and other groups. b, Volcano plot showing DEGs in hepatocytes between OrganEx and 0h WIT, 1h WIT, 7h WIT, and ECMO. c, Trajectories of liver hepatocytes. Colour indicates different experimental groups. d, Sankey plot showing perfusate components and violin plots showing their effects on hepatocytes between the OrganEx and ECMO. e, Hierarchical clustering of the top DEGs across experimental groups and derived functional gene modules (upper left). Eigengene average expression trends exhibit distinct trends between ECMO and OrganEx groups (lower left) of modules whose enriched GO terms are predominantly related to cellular function or cell death (right) (Supplementary Table ). f, Expression of the genes involved in cell-death pathways in hepatocytes. g, Gene expression enrichment of the genes involved in cell-death pathways in hepatocytes. h, Stacked bar plot showing relative information flow for each signalling pathway across experimental group pairs. Significant signalling pathways were ranked based on differences in the overall information flow within the inferred networks between OrganEx and 0h WIT, 1h WIT, 7h WIT, and ECMO. Genes important in inflammation are highlighted grey. i, Overall signalling patterns across all experimental conditions. Genes important in inflammation are highlighted grey. Necro-1, necrostatin-1; Mino, minocycline; DEXA, dexamethasone; Met. B, methylene blue; GEE, Glutathione Ethyl Ester. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, NS: not significant.
Extended Data Fig. 12 Kidney single-nucleus transcriptome analysis comparing OrganEx to other experimental conditions.
a, AUC scores of the Augur cell type prioritization between OrganEx and other groups. b, Volcano plot showing DEGs in PCT between OrganEx and 0h WIT, 1h WIT, 7h WIT, and ECMO. c, Trajectories of kidney PCTs. Colour indicates pseudotime progression and different cell states, respectively. d, Sankey plot showing perfusate components and violin plots showing their effects on PCT between the OrganEx and ECMO groups. e, Hierarchical clustering of the top DEGs across experimental groups and derived functional gene modules (upper left). Eigengene average expression trends exhibit distinct trends between ECMO and OrganEx groups (lower left) of modules whose enriched GO terms are predominantly related to cellular function or cell death (right) (Supplementary Table ). f, Expression of the genes involved in cell-death pathways in PCT. g, Gene expression enrichment of the genes involved in cell-death pathways in PCT. h, Stacked bar plot showing relative information flow for each signalling pathway across experimental group pairs. Significant signalling pathways were ranked based on differences in the overall information flow within the inferred networks between OrganEx and 0h WIT, 1h WIT, 7h WIT, and ECMO. Genes important in inflammation are highlighted grey. i, Overall signalling patterns across all experimental conditions. Genes important in inflammation are highlighted grey. PCT, proximal convoluted tubules; DCT, distal convoluted tubules; Necro-1, necrostatin-1; Mino, minocycline; DEXA, dexamethasone; Met. B, methylene blue; GEE, Glutathione Ethyl Ester. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, NS: not significant.
Supplementary information
Reporting Summary
Supplementary Table 1
List of the components with respective concentrations that are included in the OrganEx perfusate.
Supplementary Table 2
List of the components with respective concentrations that are included in the priming solution.
Supplementary Table 3
List of the components with respective concentrations that are included in the haemodiafiltration exchange solution.
Supplementary Table 4
List of genes used for comparing their average expression in the analysis of the perfusate effect.
Supplementary Table 5
List of enriched GO terms derived from hierarchical clustering of the top DEGs across experimental groups.
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Andrijevic, D., Vrselja, Z., Lysyy, T. et al. Cellular recovery after prolonged warm ischaemia of the whole body toàn thân. Nature 608, 405–412 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05016-1
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Received: 09 September 2022
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Issue Date: 11 August 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05016-1
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