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Guide to Understanding the Prepaid Expense Concept
Nội dung chính- What are Prepaid Expenses?Prepaid Expenses Accounting ExamplesPrepaid Expense Balance Sheet TreatmentAre Prepaid Expenses a Current Asset?Prepaid Insurance Coverage ExampleWhich expenses are paid and recorded in an asset account before they are used or consumed?Is prepaid expense an asset account?Do you record prepaid expenses?Why prepaid account is included in asset accounts?
What are Prepaid Expenses?
Prepaid Expenses refer to payments made in advance for products or services expected to be received on a later date — most often related to utilities, insurance, and rent.
Prepaid Expenses Accounting Examples
If a company decides to pay for a product or service in advance, the upfront payment is recorded as a “Prepaid Expense” in the current assets section of the balance sheet.
Initially, the payment made in advance is recorded as a current asset, but the carrying balance is reduced over time on the income statement per GAAP accounting standards.
Despite the “expense” in the name, the company receives positive economic benefits from the expense over the course of several periods, hence its classification as a current asset.
Under the matching principles of accrual accounting, revenue and expenses must be recognized in the same period.
Common Examples- Prepaid Rent
- Prepaid Insurance Coverage
- Prepaid Leased Equipment
- Prepaid Utilities
Forecasting in Financial Modeling
In a financial model, a company’s prepaid expense line item is typically modeled to be tied to its operating expenses, or SG&A expense.
However, if the connection between the upfront payments and operating expenses (SG&A) is unclear, the projection of the prepaid expense amount can be linked to revenue growth as a simplification.
A company’s prepaid expenses are usually minuscule in relative size and rarely have a significant impact on a company’s valuation — hence, the expense is often aggregated with the “Other Current Assets” line.
Prepaid Expense Balance Sheet Treatment
Are Prepaid Expenses a Current Asset?
The prepaid expense line item represents payments made in advance, so the current asset remains until the associated benefits are realized.
The prepaid expense appears in the current assets section of the balance sheet until full consumption (i.e. the realization of benefits by the customer).
Given the categorization as a “current” asset, the benefits associated with the products or services paid for upfront are expected to be used within the next twelve months.
Once the benefits of the assets are gradually realized, the current asset is reduced as the asset is expensed on the income statement.
Comparable to the mechanics of a depreciation schedule, i.e. the actual cash outflow is not recognized in the period the capital expenditure (capex) was incurred but rather spread across its useful life, the prepaid expense asset incrementally declines until the balance eventually reaches zero.
Simultaneously, as the company’s recorded balance decreases, the expense appears on the income statement in the period corresponding with the coinciding benefit.
Prepaid vs. Accrued Expense
The prepaid expense line item stems from a company paying in advance for products/services anticipated to be used a later date.
In contrast, accrued expenses are costs incurred by a company but not yet paid for, typically due to the absence of an invoice (i.e. waiting on the bill).
That said, the notable difference between a prepaid expense and accrued expense is the treatment on the balance sheet:
- Prepaid Expense → Current
AssetAccrued Expense → Current Liabilities
Prepaid Insurance Coverage Example
One common example of an early prepayment is insurance coverage, which is often paid upfront to cover multiple future periods.
Here, we’ll assume that a company has paid for insurance coverage in advance due to the incentives offered by the provider.
If the company makes a one-time payment of $24,000 for an insurance policy with twelve-month coverage, it would record a prepaid expense of $24,000 on the initial date.
In the coming twelve months, the company recognizes an expense of $2,000/month — which causes the current asset recorded on the balance sheet to decrease by $2,000 per month.
- Initial Upfront Payment = $24,000Monthly Expense on Income Statement = $2,000
By the end of the twelve-month coverage period, the entire insurance benefits are delivered, the total expenditure was expensed, and the corresponding asset on the balance sheet declines to zero.
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Which expenses are paid and recorded in an asset account before they are used or consumed?
Prepaid expenses: Expenses paid in cash and recorded as assets before they are used or consumed.Is prepaid expense an asset account?
Prepaid expenses are considered current assets because they are amounts paid in advance by a business in exchange for goods or services to be delivered in the future.Do you record prepaid expenses?
Prepaid expenses are not recorded on an income statement initially. Instead, prepaid expenses are first recorded on the balance sheet; then, as the benefit of the prepaid expense is realized, or as the expense is incurred, it is recognized on the income statement.Why prepaid account is included in asset accounts?
Recall that prepaid expenses are considered an asset because they provide future economic benefits to the company. The adjusting journal entry for a prepaid expense, however, does affect both a company's income statement and balance sheet. Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết Prepaid expenses are paid and recorded in an asset account before they are used or consumed